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Your Guide to Filing Taxes With Student Loans
Student loans aren't taxable income but can have an impact on how you file taxes.
Ryan Lane Assigning Editor | Small business, student loans
Ryan Lane is an editor on NerdWallet’s small-business team. He joined NerdWallet in 2019 as a student loans writer, serving as an authority on that topic after spending more than a decade at student loan guarantor American Student Assistance. In that role, Ryan co-authored the Student Loan Ranger blog in partnership with U.S. News & World Report, as well as wrote and edited content about education financing and financial literacy for multiple online properties, e-courses and more. Ryan also previously oversaw the production of life science journals as a managing editor for publisher Cell Press. Ryan is located in Rochester, New York.
Des Toups Lead Assigning Editor | Student loans, repaying college debt, paying for college
Des Toups was a lead assigning editor who supported the student loans and auto loans teams. He had decades of experience in personal finance journalism, exploring everything from car insurance to bankruptcy to couponing to side hustles.
Many or all of the products featured here are from our partners who compensate us. This influences which products we write about and where and how the product appears on a page. However, this does not influence our evaluations. Our opinions are our own. Here is a list of our partners and here's how we make money.
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When filing taxes, don’t report your student loans as income. Student loans aren’t taxable because you’ll eventually repay them.
Free money used for school is treated differently. You don’t pay taxes on scholarship or fellowship money used toward tuition, fees and equipment or books required for coursework. If your entire scholarship is nontaxable, you don’t have to report it on your return.
But any portion of those funds used for room and board, travel or optional expenses is taxable — as well as any money received for teaching, conducting research or other services related to the scholarship. You’ll want to report any taxable amount of the rewarded money as part of your gross income.
If you benefitted from an employer student loan repayment program, up to $5,250 is considered nontaxable. Any amount over $5,250 must be reported as income — your employer will likely include this amount on your W-2.
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From March 2020 until fall 2023, student loan payments were paused, and federal interest rates were set to 0% as part of a broader pandemic relief effort. However, if you still repaid student loans last year, you may be eligible for the student loan interest deduction.
If your interest payment was over $600, your student loan servicer will automatically send you Form 1098-E, a student loan interest statement. You can still deduct interest if you paid less than $600. You'll just need to contact your servicer to receive the form or access your online account to find the exact amount.
With student loans, your tax filing status mainly affects your income-driven repayment plan, if you have one. Income-driven repayment plans use the adjusted gross income listed on your taxes to determine your monthly payments.
If you file as single or head of household, your payments will be based on your income alone. If you’re married, filing jointly or filing separately can increase or decrease your student loan payments.
Married filing separately
Most income-driven repayment plans will consider only your income to calculate payments if you file separately.
For example, let’s say you owed $30,000 at 5.50%. If you earned $35,000 last year and are under the Saving on a Valuable Education or SAVE plan, which can cap payments to 10% of your discretionary income, your starting monthly payment would be $18 based on a family size of one if you filed separately.
You will pay more than if you filed separately because payments will be based on two incomes instead of one.
Consider the previous example in which you earned $35,000. If your spouse made $60,000 and you filed jointly, your starting payment would increase from $18 to $422 based on your combined income of $95,000.
Married filing jointly — and your spouse has federal student loans
This changes the income-driven repayment calculation, as the Department of Education will account for your spouse’s federal student loan debt when calculating your payment. Its math doesn't factor in private student loan debt, though.
In our example, let’s say you and your spouse each owe $30,000 in federal student loans. Since you have equal levels of debt, the Department of Education would split that $422 payment in half. Now, you would pay around $211 each month. If you owed $50,000 instead, your starting payment would increase to roughly $264 to reflect the larger percentage of the combined debt you have.
Filing separately could save you money in student loan payments each month, but it may not make up for a smaller tax refund. For 2023, married couples who file jointly are eligible for a standard deduction of $27,700, compared with $13,850 for those who file separately. Filing separately also disqualifies you for certain tax breaks, including the student loan interest deduction and education credits.
If you paid for education expenses in the past year, you might qualify for an education tax credit. You can choose from either the American opportunity credit or the lifetime learning credit.
You can even qualify for one of these breaks if you paid for qualifying costs, like tuition and books, with a student loan. Your school will send you Form 1098-T, a tuition statement, to help you track qualified expense payments.
Should you refinance your student loans?
Note: This calculator assumes that after you refinance, you’ll make minimum monthly payments.
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NerdWallet's ratings are determined by our editorial team. The scoring formula incorporates coverage options, customer experience, customizability, cost and more.
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As with most tax-related topics, if your student loan situation seems complex, consider discussing your options with a professional. They can help you determine which combination of filing status, tax deductions and credits will save you the most money now and in the future.
You also may want to talk to a tax professional if you can’t afford your tax bill after student loan forgiveness. They may be able to help you reduce or avoid those charges, especially if it means your total liabilities are now more than your total assets.