2022-2023 Tax Brackets and Federal Income Tax Rates
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In 2022 and 2023, the U.S. federal tax rates range from 10% to 37%.
The U.S. has a progressive tax system, where portions of a person's taxable income can fall into different brackets to be taxed at different rates.
A marginal tax rate is the highest tax rate a person's income is subject to.
Tax brackets are adjusted each year to account for inflation. This can help prevent a taxpayer from paying higher taxes as the cost of living increases.
There are seven federal income tax rates: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37%. Your taxable income and filing status determine which tax brackets and rates apply to you.
The U.S. federal tax rates will remain the same until 2025 as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, but the income thresholds that inform the tax brackets are generally adjusted each year to reflect the rate of inflation.
These adjustments can help prevent taxpayers from ending up in a higher tax bracket as their cost of living rises and lower taxes for those whose compensation has not kept up with inflation.
The 2023 tax brackets (taxes filed in 2024), as well as the tax brackets for 2022 and previous years, can be found on this page.
Tax brackets 2022
The 2022 tax tables below are for taxes that were due April 18, 2023. Taxpayers who applied for a tax extension by tax day have until Oct. 16, 2023, to file their 2022 returns.
2022 tax table: single filers
Tax rate | Taxable income bracket | Tax owed |
|---|---|---|
10% | $0 to $10,275. | 10% of taxable income. |
12% | $10,276 to $41,775. | $1,027.50 plus 12% of the amount over $10,275. |
22% | $41,776 to $89,075. | $4,807.50 plus 22% of the amount over $41,775. |
24% | $89,076 to $170,050. | $15,213.50 plus 24% of the amount over $89,075. |
32% | $170,051 to $215,950. | $34,647.50 plus 32% of the amount over $170,050. |
35% | $215,951 to $539,900. | $49,335.50 plus 35% of the amount over $215,950. |
37% | $539,901 or more. | $162,718 plus 37% of the amount over $539,900. |
2022 tax table: married, filing jointly
Tax rate | Taxable income bracket | Taxes owed |
|---|---|---|
10% | $0 to $20,550. | 10% of taxable income. |
12% | $20,551 to $83,550. | $2,055 plus 12% of the amount over $20,550. |
22% | $83,551 to $178,150. | $9,615 plus 22% of the amount over $83,550. |
24% | $178,151 to $340,100. | $30,427 plus 24% of the amount over $178,150. |
32% | $340,101 to $431,900. | $69,295 plus 32% of the amount over $340,100. |
35% | $431,901 to $647,850. | $98,671 plus 35% of the amount over $431,900. |
37% | $647,851 or more. | $174,253.50 plus 37% of the amount over $647,850. |
2022 tax table: married, filing separately
Tax rate | Taxable income bracket | Taxes owed |
|---|---|---|
10% | $0 to $10,275. | 10% of taxable income. |
12% | $10,276 to $41,775. | $1,027.50 plus 12% of the amount over $10,275. |
22% | $41,776 to $89,075. | $4,807.50 plus 22% of the amount over $41,775. |
24% | $89,076 to $170,050. | $15,213.50 plus 24% of the amount over $89,075. |
32% | $170,051 to $215,950. | $34,647.50 plus 32% of the amount over $170,050. |
35% | $215,951 to $323,925. | $49,335.50 plus 35% of the amount over $215,950. |
37% | $323,926 or more. | $87,126.75 plus 37% of the amount over $323,925. |
2022 tax table: head of household
Tax rate | Taxable income bracket | Tax owed |
|---|---|---|
10% | $0 to $14,650. | 10% of taxable income. |
12% | $14,651 to $55,900. | $1,465 plus 12% of the amount over $14,650. |
22% | $55,901 to $89,050. | $6,415 plus 22% of the amount over $55,900. |
24% | $89,051 to $170,050. | $13,708 plus 24% of the amount over $89,050. |
32% | $170,051 to $215,950. | $33,148 plus 32% of the amount over $170,050. |
35% | $215,951 to $539,900. | $47,836 plus 35% of the amount over $215,950. |
37% | $539,901 or more. | $161,218.50 plus 37% of the amount over $539,900. |
Tax brackets 2023
For the 2023 tax year, there are seven tax rates: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37%, the same as in tax year 2022. Tax returns for 2023 are due in April 2024, or October 2024 with an extension.
The income thresholds for the 2023 tax brackets were adjusted significantly — about 7% — due to the record-high inflation in 2022, which means that some people might be in a lower tax bracket than they were previously.
2023 tax table: single filers
Tax rate | Taxable income bracket | Tax owed |
|---|---|---|
10% | $0 to $11,000. | 10% of taxable income. |
12% | $11,001 to $44,725. | $1,100 plus 12% of the amount over $11,000. |
22% | $44,726 to $95,375. | $5,147 plus 22% of the amount over $44,725. |
24% | $95,376 to $182,100. | $16,290 plus 24% of the amount over $95,375. |
32% | $182,101 to $231,250. | $37,104 plus 32% of the amount over $182,100. |
35% | $231,251 to $578,125. | $52,832 plus 35% of the amount over $231,250. |
37% | $578,126 or more. | $174,238.25 plus 37% of the amount over $578,125. |
2023 tax table: married, filing jointly
Tax rate | Taxable income bracket | Taxes owed |
|---|---|---|
10% | $0 to $22,000. | 10% of taxable income. |
12% | $22,001 to $89,450. | $2,200 plus 12% of the amount over $22,000. |
22% | $89,451 to $190,750. | $10,294 plus 22% of the amount over $89,450. |
24% | $190,751 to $364,200. | $32,580 plus 24% of the amount over $190,750. |
32% | $364,201 to $462,500. | $74,208 plus 32% of the amount over $364,200. |
35% | $462,501 to $693,750. | $105,664 plus 35% of the amount over $462,500. |
37% | $693,751 or more. | $186,601.50 + 37% of the amount over $693,750. |
2023 tax table: married, filing separately
Tax rate | Taxable income bracket | Taxes owed |
|---|---|---|
10% | $0 to $11,000. | 10% of taxable income. |
12% | $11,001 to $44,725. | $1,100 plus 12% of the amount over $11,000. |
22% | $44,726 to $95,375. | $5,147 plus 22% of the amount over $44,725. |
24% | $95,376 to $182,100. | $16,290 plus 24% of the amount over $95,375. |
32% | $182,101 to $231,250. | $37,104 plus 32% of the amount over $182,100. |
35% | $231,251 to $346,875. | $52,832 plus 35% of the amount over $231,250. |
37% | $346,876 or more. | $93,300.75 plus 37% of the amount over $346,875. |
2023 tax table: head of household
Tax rate | Taxable income bracket | Tax owed |
|---|---|---|
10% | $0 to $15,700. | 10% of taxable income. |
12% | $15,701 to $59,850. | $1,570 plus 12% of the amount over $15,700. |
22% | $59,851 to $95,350. | $6,868 plus 22% of the amount over $59,850. |
24% | $95,351 to $182,100. | $14,678 plus 24% of the amount over $95,350. |
32% | $182,101 to $231,250. | $35,498 plus 32% of the amount over $182,100. |
35% | $231,251 to $578,100. | $51,226 plus 35% of the amount over $231,250. |
37% | $578,101 or more. | $172,623.50 plus 37% of the amount over $578,100. |
How income tax brackets work
The government decides how much tax you owe by dividing your taxable income into chunks — also known as tax brackets — and each chunk gets taxed at the corresponding tax rate. You may hear people say that they are in the 12% tax bracket or the 22% bracket. This does not mean all of their income is taxed at that percentage; instead, that is the highest tax rate — the marginal rate — that applies to a portion of their income.
Being "in" a tax bracket doesn't mean you pay that federal income tax rate on everything you make. The U.S. has a progressive tax system. This means that portions of your income fall into different tax brackets and are taxed at different rates. The progressive tax system means that people with higher taxable incomes are subject to higher federal income tax rates, and people with lower taxable incomes are subject to lower federal income tax rates.
The beauty of tax brackets is that no matter which bracket you’re in, you won’t pay that tax rate on your entire income.
The percentage of your taxable income that you pay in taxes is called your effective tax rate. To determine effective tax rate, divide your total tax owed (line 16) on Form 1040 by your total taxable income (line 15).
Income thresholds for tax brackets are updated annually. Several provisions in the tax code, including the income thresholds that inform the federal tax brackets, are adjusted annually to reflect the rate of inflation. This indexing aims to prevent taxpayers from experiencing "bracket creep," or the process of being pushed into a higher tax bracket because of inflation.
That's the deal only for federal income taxes. Your state might have different brackets, a flat income tax or no income tax at all. (See state income tax brackets here.)
Example #1: Let’s say you’re a single filer with $32,000 in taxable income. That puts you in the 12% tax bracket in 2022. But do you pay 12% on all $32,000? No. Actually, you pay only 10% on the first $10,275; you pay 12% on the rest. (Look at the tax brackets above to see the breakout.)
Example #2: If you had $50,000 of taxable income, you’d pay 10% on that first $10,275 and 12% on the chunk of income between $10,276 and $41,775. And then you’d pay 22% on the rest because some of your $50,000 of taxable income falls into the 22% tax bracket. The total bill would be about $6,600 — about 13% of your taxable income, even though you're in the 22% bracket. That 13% is your effective tax rate.
What is a marginal tax rate?
The marginal tax rate is the tax rate paid on your last dollar of taxable income. This typically equates to your highest tax bracket.
For example, if you're a single filer with $35,000 of taxable income, you would be in the 12% tax bracket. If your taxable income went up by $1, you would pay 12% on that extra dollar, too.
If you had $46,000 of taxable income, however, most of it would still fall within the 12% bracket, but the last few hundred dollars would land in the 22% tax bracket. Your marginal tax rate would then be 22%.
How to get into a lower tax bracket and pay a lower federal income tax rate
Two common ways of reducing your tax bill are credits and deductions.
Tax credits can reduce your tax bill on a dollar-for-dollar basis; they don't affect what bracket you're in.
Tax deductions, on the other hand, reduce how much of your income is subject to taxes. Generally, deductions lower your taxable income by the percentage of your highest federal income tax bracket. So if you fall into the 22% tax bracket, a $1,000 deduction could save you $220.
In other words: Take all the tax deductions you can claim — they can reduce your taxable income and could kick you to a lower bracket, which means you pay a lower tax rate.
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2021 tax brackets
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