What Is a Real Estate Attorney, and Do You Need One?

A real estate attorney's role is to ensure the legal transfer of property from seller to buyer. These attorneys handle tasks like preparing or reviewing documents, ensuring that the title is clear and facilitating the transfer of funds.

A real estate lawyer's exact duties will vary depending on whether you, the seller or the lender hire them, what your state laws require and what's needed for your home purchase to proceed smoothly.

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What does a real estate lawyer do?

Real estate attorneys handle "real property" transactions. Real property is somewhat interchangeable with real estate — land and permanent structures that are fixed in place.

For the purposes of most home buyers, purchasing real property doesn't involve going to court. Instead, a real estate lawyer may prepare or review all of the documents related to your home purchase, including the contract, any additional agreements made with the seller, documents from your lender, and title and transfer documents. If you use a real estate attorney, they may also attend the closing, either virtually or in person.

Real estate attorneys sometimes handle additional parts of the home purchase like title searches and title insurance, to ensure there are no outstanding claims or liens against the property. They may also provide documentation of the transfer of funds to the seller and to your lender, or facilitate the transaction as a third party.

A real estate attorney can, of course, also provide help if a problem arises that could hold up the sale.

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Should you hire a real estate attorney?

Your decision to hire a real estate attorney will likely depend on where in the U.S. you're trying to buy property. States vary in what they consider to be the "practice of law," so what's fine for a real estate agent or notary to take care of in one state might require an attorney in another.

• If you are buying a home in certain states, including Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina and West Virginia, state law requires you to retain a real estate attorney to handle certain parts of the transaction.

• In other states, including Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Dakota and South Dakota, state law requires that an attorney provide a title opinion. Such an opinion shows that a lawyer has reviewed the title abstract or examination and doesn't see any obstacles to the real estate transaction.

• Even if real estate attorneys aren’t required in your state, you may still want to retain one if you're dealing with a trickier type of purchase, like a short sale, or if there's an issue like a neighboring structure crossing over the property line.