2024-2025 Tax Brackets and Federal Income Tax Rates

There are seven income tax rates, ranging from 10% to 37%. Which federal income tax brackets are you in? See how they work and how to cut your taxes.

Many, or all, of the products featured on this page are from our advertising partners who compensate us when you take certain actions on our website or click to take an action on their website. However, this does not influence our evaluations. Our opinions are our own. Here is a list of our partners and here's how we make money.

Updated · 3 min read
Profile photo of Sabrina Parys
Written by Sabrina Parys
Assistant Assigning Editor
Profile photo of Lei Han
Reviewed by Lei Han
Professor of accounting
Profile photo of Pamela de la Fuente
Assigning Editor
Fact Checked
Profile photo of Tina Orem
Co-written by Tina Orem
Assistant Assigning Editor

In 2024 and 2025, there are seven federal income tax rates and brackets: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, and 37%. Taxable income and filing status determine which federal tax rates apply to you and how much in taxes you'll owe that year.

The federal tax rates will remain the same through the end of 2025 as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. However, the IRS can adjust income thresholds that inform those tax brackets each year to reflect the rate of inflation.

» Ready to crunch the numbers? Estimate your refund or bill with NerdWallet's tax calculator

2024 tax brackets and income tax rates

The 2024 tax brackets apply to income earned this year, which is reported on tax returns filed in 2025.

2024 tax brackets (taxes due April 2025)

Tax rate

Single

Married filing jointly

Married filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $11,600

$0 to $23,200

$0 to $11,600

$0 to $16,550

12%

$11,601 to $47,150

$23,201 to $94,300

$11,601 to $47,150

$16,551 to $63,100

22%

$47,151 to $100,525

$94,301 to $201,050

$47,151 to $100,525

$63,101 to $100,500

24%

$100,526 to $191,950

$201,051 to $383,900

$100,526 to $191,950

$100,501 to $191,950

32%

$191,951 to $243,725

$383,901 to $487,450

$191,951 to $243,725

$191,951 to $243,700

35%

$243,726 to $609,350

$487,451 to $731,200

$243,726 to $365,600

$243,701 to $609,350

37%

$609,351 or more

$731,201 or more

$365,601 or more

$609,351 or more

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Tax owed

10%

$0 to $11,600.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$11,601 to $47,150.

$1,160 plus 12% of the amount over $11,600.

22%

$47,151 to $100,525.

$5,426 plus 22% of the amount over $47,150.

24%

$100,526 to $191,950.

$17,168.50 plus 24% of the amount over $100,525.

32%

$191,951 to $243,725.

$39,110.50 plus 32% of the amount over $191,950.

35%

$243,726 to $609,350.

$55,678.50 plus 35% of the amount over $243,725.

37%

$609,351 or more.

$183,647.25 plus 37% of the amount over $609,350.

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Taxes owed

10%

$0 to $23,200.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$23,201 to $94,300.

$2,320 plus 12% of the amount over $23,200.

22%

$94,301 to $201,050.

$10,852 plus 22% of the amount over $94,300.

24%

$201,051 to $383,900.

$34,337 plus 24% of the amount over $201,050.

32%

$383,901 to $487,450.

$78,221 plus 32% of the amount over $383,900.

35%

$487,451 to $731,200.

$111,357 plus 35% of the amount over $487,450.

37%

$731,201 or more.

$196,669.50 + 37% of the amount over $731,200.

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Taxes owed

10%

$0 to $11,600.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$11,601 to $47,150.

$1,160 plus 12% of the amount over $11,600.

22%

$47,151 to $100,525.

$5,426 plus 22% of the amount over $47,150.

24%

$100,526 to $191,950.

$17,168.50 plus 24% of the amount over $100,525.

32%

$191,951 to $243,725.

$39,110.50 plus 32% of the amount over $191,950.

35%

$243,726 to $365,600

$55,678.50 plus 35% of the amount over $243,725.

37%

$365,601 or more.

$98,334.75 plus 37% of the amount over $365,600.

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Tax owed

10%

$0 to $16,550.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$16,551 to $63,100.

$1,655 plus 12% of the amount over $16,550.

22%

$63,101 to $100,500.

$7,241 plus 22% of the amount over $63,100.

24%

$100,501 to $191,950.

$15,469 plus 24% of the amount over $100,500.

32%

$191,951 to $243,700.

$37,417 plus 32% of the amount over $191,950.

35%

$243,701 to $609,350.

$53,977 plus 35% of the amount over $243,700.

37%

$609,351 or more.

$181,954.50 plus 37% of the amount over $609,350.

2025 tax brackets and income tax rates

On Oct. 22, 2024, the IRS released the updated tax brackets for the 2025 tax year. The tax tables below show the rates and brackets that apply to income earned in 2025, which is reported on tax returns filed in 2026.

2025 tax brackets (taxes due April 2026)

Tax rate

Single

Married filing jointly

Married filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $11,925

$0 to $23,850

$0 to $11,925

$0 to $17,000

12%

$11,926 to $48,475

$23,851 to $96,950

$11,926 to $48,475

$17,001 to $64,850

22%

$48,476 to $103,350

$96,951 to $206,700

$48,476 to $103,350

$64,851 to $103,350

24%

$103,351 to $197,300

$206,701 to $394,600

$103,351 to $197,300

$103,351 to $197,300

32%

$197,301 to $250,525

$394,601 to $501,050

$197,301 to $250,525

$197,301 to $250,500

35%

$250,526 to $626,350

$501,051 to $751,600

$250,526 to $375,800

$250,501 to $626,350

37%

$626,351 or more

$751,601 or more

$375,801 or more

$626,351 or more

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Tax owed

10%

$0 to $11,925.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$11,926 to $48,475.

$1,192.50 plus 12% of the amount over $11,925.

22%

$48,476 to $103,350.

$5,578.50 plus 22% of the amount over $48,475.

24%

$103,351 to $197,300.

$17,651 plus 24% of the amount over $103,350.

32%

$197,301 to $250,525.

$40,199 plus 32% of the amount over $197,300.

35%

$250,526 to $626,350.

$57,231 plus 35% of the amount over $250,525.

37%

$626,351 or more.

$188,769.75 plus 37% of the amount over $626,350.

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Taxes owed

10%

$0 to $23,850.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$23,851 to $96,950.

$2,385 plus 12% of the amount over $23,850.

22%

$96,951 to $206,700.

$11,157 plus 22% of the amount over $96,950.

24%

$206,701 to $394,600.

$35,302 plus 24% of the amount over $206,700.

32%

$394,601 to $501,050.

$80,398 plus 32% of the amount over $394,600.

35%

$501,051 to $751,600.

$114,462 plus 35% of the amount over $501,050.

37%

$751,601 or more.

$202,154.50 plus 37% of the amount over $751,600.

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Taxes owed

10%

$0 to $11,925.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$11,926 to $48,475.

$1,192.50 plus 12% of the amount over $11,925.

22%

$48,476 to $103,350.

$5,578.50 plus 22% of the amount over $48,475.

24%

$103,351 to $197,300.

$17,651 plus 24% of the amount over $103,350.

32%

$197,301 to $250,525.

$40,199 plus 32% of the amount over $197,300.

35%

$250,526 to $375,800.

$57,231 plus 35% of the amount over $250,525.

37%

$375,801 or more.

$101,077.25 plus 37% of the amount over $375,800.

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Tax owed

10%

$0 to $17,000.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$17,001 to $64,850.

$1,700 plus 12% of the amount over $17,000.

22%

$64,851 to $103,350.

$7,442 plus 22% of the amount over $64,850.

24%

$103,351 to $197,300.

$15,912 plus 24% of the amount over $103,350.

32%

$197,301 to $250,500.

$38,460 plus 32% of the amount over $197,300.

35%

$250,501 to $626,350.

$55,484 plus 35% of the amount over $250,500.

37%

$626,351 or more.

$187,031.50 plus 37% of the amount over $626,350.

How tax brackets and tax rates work

1. What are income tax brackets?

The U.S. has a progressive tax system, which means that people with higher incomes are subject to higher federal tax rates, and people with lower incomes are subject to lower income tax rates.

The government decides how much tax you owe by dividing your taxable income into chunks — also known as tax brackets — and each individual chunk gets taxed at a corresponding tax rate. Tax rates can range from 10% to 37%.

The beauty of tax brackets is that no matter which bracket(s) you’re in, you generally won’t pay that tax rate on your entire income. The highest tax rate you pay applies to only a portion of your income.

Federal tax brackets example: If you had $50,000 of taxable income in 2024 as a single filer, you’d pay 10% on that first $11,600 and 12% on the chunk of income between $11,601 and $47,150. Then you’d pay 22% on the rest because some of your $50,000 of taxable income falls into the 22% tax bracket. The total bill would be about $6,053 — about 12% of your taxable income — even though your highest bracket is 22%. That 12% is your effective tax rate.

Chart, Plot

2. How do tax brackets and rates work on the state level?

States may handle taxes differently than the federal government. Your state might have different brackets, or it might altogether use a different system. Colorado, for example, has a flat tax rate of 4.4% on taxable income, and some states, such as Wyoming, don't have a state income tax.

3. Are income tax brackets adjusted?

Each year, all the federal income tax brackets — the window of income where a certain tax rate ends and begins — are updated to reflect the current rate of inflation. These tweaks, formally known as inflation adjustments, are a critical part of the tax code.

Bracket adjustments can help prevent taxpayers from ending up in a higher tax bracket as their cost of living rises, a scenario called “bracket creep." They can also lower taxes for those whose compensation has not kept up with inflation.

Tax inflation adjustment example

  • In 2024, a single filer making $48,000 of taxable income pays a 10% tax rate on $11,600 of their earnings, a 12% tax rate on the portion of the earnings between $11,601 and $47,150, and a 22% tax rate on the remaining $850 that falls into that final tax bracket.

  • Assuming this taxpayer's income does not change in 2025, they will now pay 10% on earnings up to $11,925 and 12% on the rest. In other words, they will no longer pay 22% on any part of their income. This is because the upper end of the 12% tax bracket has been updated from $47,150 to $48,475, which allows this taxpayer to shelter more of their income from a higher tax rate.

What is a marginal tax rate?

The marginal tax rate is the tax rate paid on the last dollar of taxable income. It typically equates to your highest tax bracket.

For example, if you're a single filer in 2024 with $35,000 of taxable income, portions of your income would be taxed at 10% and 12%. If your taxable income went up by $1, you would pay 12% on that extra dollar, too.

What is an effective tax rate?

Your effective tax rate is the percentage of your taxable income that you pay in taxes. To determine your effective tax rate, divide your total tax owed (line 24) on Form 1040 by your total taxable income (line 15).

How to reduce taxes owed

Two common ways of reducing your tax bill are credits and deductions.

  • Tax credits can reduce your tax bill on a dollar-for-dollar basis; they don't affect what bracket you're in.

  • Tax deductions, on the other hand, reduce how much of your income is subject to taxes. Generally, deductions lower your taxable income by the percentage of your highest federal income tax bracket. So, if you fall into the 22% tax bracket, a $1,000 deduction could save you $220.

In other words, take all the tax deductions you can claim. Deductions can reduce your taxable income and could kick you to a lower bracket, which means you pay a lower tax rate.

Tax tools

More tax articles

Get more smart money moves – straight to your inbox
Sign up and we’ll send you Nerdy articles about the money topics that matter most to you along with other ways to help you get more from your money.