What is professional liability insurance?
Professional liability insurance is business insurance that protects you from lawsuits filed by the people to whom you provide services.
In general, if you have clients, they might sue you if they’re dissatisfied with your work. For example, a client might accuse you of overlooking deadlines, costing them additional money. Professional liability insurance can cover costs related to such a lawsuit.
What does professional liability insurance cover?
Professional liability insurance covers the cost of defending your business against claims in court. If you have to pay a settlement, it can cover that too.
Professional liability insurance protects your business whether or not legal claims have merit, so you should be protected even if a lawsuit is frivolous.
Here are some examples of when professional liability insurance can protect you:
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Professional negligence or failure to meet a standard of care. Say an architecture firm designs a branch for a local bank. A year later, a customer sues the bank because its bathrooms don’t comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act. The bank could sue the architecture firm for not adhering to professional standards.
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Failure to deliver a promised service on time. Say a manufacturing plant hires an IT consultant to upgrade its cybersecurity. The consultant promises to finish by the end of the year, but they can’t stick to that timeline. In January — after the project’s agreed-upon completion date — the plant gets hacked. The plant could sue the consultant for the costs of recovering from the security breach. -
Breach of contract. For example, an insurance agency’s contract says it will help clients settle claims. But, when the time comes, it doesn’t have enough staff to provide that service. Clients could claim the agency violated that contract.
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Errors. For example, an accountant reviews a business’s tax returns but misinterprets a new tax law. The IRS audits the business and finds that it owes back taxes, plus interest and penalties. That business could sue their accountant for the error.
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General misconduct. Say a college professor routinely grades one student harder than their peers. That student can’t graduate on time as a result. They or their parents might file a claim against the educator.
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Medical malpractice. Medical professionals should have this specific type of professional liability insurance. It protects against claims that they made mistakes that resulted in injury or death. Learn more about medical malpractice insurance here.
What are the most common professional liability insurance claims?
That depends on your industry. Certain types of work are more prone to claims, and certain types of claims have bigger losses.
Here are examples from a few large industries:
What does professional liability insurance not cover?
Professional liability doesn't protect a business against:
Who needs professional liability insurance?
Any business that provides professional services or advice to clients for a fee should have professional liability insurance. This list can include:
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Accountants.
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Architects.
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Consultants, including management and IT consultants.
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Engineers.
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Financial or investment advisors.
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Insurance and real estate agents and brokers.
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Software developers and graphic designers.
A single policy can cover you, your business entity and your employees. Independent contractors will need their own insurance. Individual coverage is also a legal necessity for some professions.
For instance, some states require medical professionals to carry medical malpractice insurance. Those policies specifically protect physicians, dentists, nurses, psychologists and other medical professionals against claims that they made a mistake that led to a patient’s injury or death.
State licensing bodies may also require lawyers to carry legal malpractice insurance or to tell clients whether or not they have it.
Professional liability insurance vs. general liability insurance
If you provide services to customers for a fee, you should get professional liability insurance. And NerdWallet recommends that pretty much all businesses carry general liability insurance.
People not affiliated with your business typically make general liability insurance claims. Those policies protect your business if you or your employees are accused of the following: -
Causing property damage.
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Causing bodily injury.
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Libel or slander.
Professional liability insurance protects against claims like bad advice or negligence, which are usually made by your customers or clients.
Most major commercial insurers sell both general liability and professional liability insurance. They’re two separate policies. But if you’re shopping for insurance online, you can probably buy both at the same time.
How much does professional liability insurance cost?
The median cost of professional liability insurance is $61 per month or $735 per year, according to online insurance marketplace Insureon. Costs can vary widely, though.
For example, construction businesses with less than $1 million in revenue may pay up to $5,000 per year for professional liability coverage, according to data the online brokerage Coverdash shared with NerdWallet. For technology businesses, the maximum premium is about half that ($2,400). That’s because claims are more common in construction.
Premium costs also depend on:
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The location where you work and how common claims are there.
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How much coverage you need.
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How many employees you have.
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How long you’ve been in business.
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What kind of claims, if any, you’ve filed in the past.
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Your policy limit and deductible.
How much professional liability insurance coverage do you need?
The right amount of professional liability insurance varies. States that require it may have set minimums. For instance, health professionals in Kansas must have policies that cover at least $500,000 per claim and $1,500,000 per year. When coverage isn't required, try to balance the annual cost of your policy with potential costs if a client sues you. You'll want enough to pay for any legal defense costs you couldn't handle out of pocket.
If you work in a high-risk industry, like construction or tax services, consider higher limits that could help cover settlement costs. Higher limits generally increase your premiums. But if you end up owing a judgment, it may be cheaper in the long run.
How much in damages will your professional liability policy cover?
Coverage amounts depend on your individual policy. But each has two types of limits.
Your policy will display these numbers like “$500,000 / $1,000,000.” That policy would cover up to $500,000 in damages for a claim. But it won’t cover more than $1,000,000 for the policy period. That’s typically one year. When your policy renews, the limit resets.
Does professional liability insurance cover past work?
Typically, yes. But it depends on which of these two policy types you have:
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Claims-made policies: If a claim is filed against you while you have this policy, it provides coverage. It doesn’t matter when the actual incident took place. This is normal for professional liability insurance.
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Occurrence policies: These policies cover claims for work you did while the policy was in effect. They still protect you even if the claim is filed after you cancel your policy. This is more common in general liability insurance.
One last thing to look for: prior acts coverage. Policies with a prior acts date or retroactive date cover claims after that date. Anything before it isn’t covered.
For instance, say your professional liability policy runs from Jan. 1, 2026, through Dec. 31, 2026. During that time, a client sues you for work you did in 2024. A claims-made policy would still cover you. But it wouldn’t if the insurer included a prior acts date of Jan. 1, 2026.
Policies that cover longer time periods tend to be more expensive.
How to get professional liability insurance
Follow these steps to get a professional liability insurance policy:
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Find out what coverage you must have. Does a state, licensing board or client require that you have a certain type or amount of coverage? If you belong to a professional association, they probably have this information.
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Decide how much coverage you need. You’ll need this information when you start getting quotes, since it affects the price of your policy. Is a baseline level of coverage enough, or is your industry prone to expensive lawsuits? Have you been operating for a while without insurance and want coverage for past events?
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Get an agent, if you want one. If you want someone else to handle the rest of this process, find an agent or broker. They’ll ask questions about your business, get you quotes from several insurance companies and then help you buy a policy. Working with an agent may be slower and a little more expensive than buying coverage online, but their expertise may be worth it.
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Get multiple quotes. Every insurance company has its own pricing formulas, which means each will charge you a different price.
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Compare coverage. It’s easy to see which policy charges the lowest premiums. But double-check the policy limits and deductible, along with the period of time it covers. Compare exclusions, too — one policy might cover a situation that another policy does not.