Virginia State Income Tax: Rates and Brackets for 2024-2025

Virginia has a progressive tax structure, with four rates ranging from 2% to 5.75%. Learn about who pays Virginia state tax and when.

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Updated May 2, 2025 · 4 min read

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Virginia's state income tax follows a graduated system, similar to the way federal taxes are determined. This means different portions of your income may be taxed at different rates rather than a single flat rate. Learn more about Virginia's income tax system, who pays and other taxes.

What are the Virginia income tax rates and brackets?

For 2024 (taxes filed in 2025), Virginia income tax rates are 2%, 3%, 5% and 5.75%.

For example, someone earning $50,000 in taxable income would pay 2% on the first $3,000, 3% on the portion between $3,001 and $5,000, 5% on the amount between $5,001 and $17,000 and 5.75% on the remaining income.

Tax rate	Taxable income bracket	Tax owed
2%	$0 to $3,000.	2% of taxable income.
3%	$3,001 to $5,000.	$60 plus 3% of the amount over $3,000.
5%	$5,001 to $17,000.	$120 plus 5% of the amount over $5,000.
5.75%	$17,001 and up.	$720 plus 5.75% of the amount over $17,000.
Source: Virginia Department of Taxation.

» MORE: See what federal tax bracket you’re in

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Disclosures: TurboTax Free Edition is for Simple Form 1040 returns only (no schedules except for Earned Income Tax Credit, Child Tax Credit and Student Loan Interest). Roughly 37% of taxpayers qualify.

Do I have to pay Virginia state income tax?

Virginia residents, part-year residents and nonresidents with income from Virginia sources may be subject to state income tax if they're

Required to file a federal tax return, and
If they have a Virginia adjusted gross income (VAGI) above $11,950 (single or married filing separately) or $23,900 (married filing jointly). In most cases, your VAGI is your federal adjusted gross income with certain additions and subtractions.

Here's more on the three residency statuses, which determine what portion of your income the state will tax.

Resident status rules

In general, you’re a resident of Virginia for income tax purposes if you were physically present there, lived there or had a place there (a “place of abode”) for more than 183 days (the days don’t have to be consecutive) during the tax year. Residents file Form 760.

Here are some examples of situations that can make you a Virginia resident for tax purposes, according to the state:

You spend more than 183 days in Virginia during the tax year.
You’re a resident of another state but go to college in Virginia.
You’re a resident of Virginia but go to college in another state.

If you’re a resident of Virginia but your spouse isn’t, you can’t file a joint state tax return in Virginia. Check out all the rules for how Virginia determines residency status on the Virginia Department of Taxation website.

Part-year resident status rules

Generally, you’re a part-year resident of Virginia if you were a nonresident for some of the tax year. This is often the case for people who moved to Virginia from another state or moved from Virginia to another state.

If you’re a part-year resident, you typically pay Virginia state tax on all income you received during the part of the tax year you were a resident of Virginia, plus state income tax on income from Virginia sources while you were a nonresident. Part-year residents file Form 760PY.

Nonresident status rules

Nonresidents still may have to pay Virginia state tax on income they receive from Virginia sources. This means you may need to file a Virginia state tax return even if you live in another state but made money from Virginia-related things such as:

Services performed in Virginia.
Rent from real estate you own in Virginia.
The sale or transfer of real estate in Virginia.
Income from a Virginia business, trade or profession.

Nonresidents file Form 763.

Virginia commuters. If you’re a nonresident of Virginia and you commute to Virginia from Kentucky or Washington, D.C., you don’t have to file a Virginia tax return if you don’t have a place in Virginia and your only income from Virginia is salaries and wages that are taxable in Kentucky or Washington, D.C.

If you’re a nonresident of Virginia and you commute to Virginia from Maryland, Pennsylvania or West Virginia, you don’t have to file a Virginia tax return if your only income from Virginia is salaries and wages that are taxable in Maryland, Pennsylvania or West Virginia.

Military members. When it comes to service members, tax rules can get complex. In Virginia, members of the U.S. military who are legal residents of another state are generally classified as nonresidents, even if they’re stationed in Virginia for years.

» Need help? How to find a tax preparer near you

» Need to file in multiple states? State income tax rates and how they work

Does Virginia tax capital gains?

Yes. Virginia considers most capital gains ordinary income, which means they are subject to the standard state income tax rates that range from 2% to 5.75%. However, filers may be able to deduct certain federal long-term gains from their Virginia income tax return. Long-term capital gains refer to profits from the sale of an asset or investment that was held for more than a year before its sale.

Does Virginia have an inheritance or estate tax?

Virginia does not levy state taxes on inheritances or estates. There is no federal inheritance tax, and federal estate taxes only apply to assets over $13.99 million in 2025.

When is the Virginia state income tax deadline?

The deadline to file your 2024 individual state income tax return in Virginia was May 1, 2025.

If you missed the May due date, you may be able to take advantage of Virginia’s automatic extension, which gives most Virginia taxpayers until Nov. 1 — an additional six months — to file with no application required.

Remember, though, a tax extension comes with a price tag if you don’t read the fine print. Extensions do not give you more time to pay your taxes; they only give you more time to file your return. If you're going to take advantage of the extension, you will need to have paid your estimated tax bill by the original May 1 deadline to avoid late-filing penalties or interest.

» Still need to file? See our picks for the best tax software

Other Virginia taxes to know about

Sales tax. Virginia's state sales tax rate is 5.3% in most places, but some counties may levy additional local sales taxes. This can bring the combined state and local sales tax rate up to 7% in some locations. Groceries and personal hygiene items are taxed at a reduced rate of 1% across the state.

Property taxes. Property tax rates are determined locally and therefore can vary by city, county or town. The amount of tax is usually determined by the value of your home. Per the Tax Foundation, the average state and local property tax paid per capita is $1,911. For more information on your local rates or property tax due dates, see the Virginia Department of Taxation website.

Lottery taxes. Lottery winnings are considered income and are subject to regular state income tax rates when you file your annual state tax return. If your total winnings are below $5,000, the Virginia Lottery does not automatically withhold taxes. However, for winnings of $5,000 or more, the Virginia Lottery automatically withholds 4% of the total amount. This applies to both resident and nonresident winners. (Learn more about federal lottery taxes.)

Social Security taxes. Just as they are at the federal level, distributions from retirement accounts such as pensions, traditional 401(k)s and IRAs, as well as some types of railroad retirement accounts, are taxable. However, Virginia does not impose taxes on Social Security benefits received. A nice bonus is that if any of your Social Security benefits are taxed at the federal level, you can write off that amount as a deduction on your state income tax return.

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Federal: $79 to $139. Free version available for Simple Form 1040 returns only.
State: $0 to $69 per state.
Expert help or full service filing is available with an upgrade to Live packages for a fee.

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5 things to know about Virginia state income tax

Virginia has reciprocity with Kentucky, Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Washington, D.C. That means Virginia residents with a “limited presence” in those states are taxed only by Virginia, and residents of the other states who have a limited presence in Virginia are only taxed by their home states.
Some people may be eligible to file their federal and Virginia state income taxes for free this year via the IRS Direct File program. You can also check to see if you qualify for the IRS Free File program, which may cover a state return.
If you can’t afford your tax bill, Virginia offers payment plans that you can set up online or over the phone
.
You can also apply for the state’s offer in compromise program, which might allow you to pay less than you owe
.
Wondering where your Virginia state tax refund is? Good news: You can check the status of your state tax refund online.

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1. Virginia Department of Taxation. Virginia Subtractions From Income. Accessed Feb 5, 2025.
2. Virginia Department of Taxation. Individual Income Tax Filing Due Dates. Accessed Jan 6, 2025.
3. Virginia Department of Taxation. Retail Sales and Use Tax. Accessed Feb 5, 2025.
4. Tax Foundation. Taxes In Virginia. Accessed Feb 5, 2025.
5. Virginia Legislative Information System. 23VAC10-140-282. Withholding on Lottery Prizes.. Accessed Feb 5, 2025.
6. Virginia Department of Taxation. Virginia Taxes and Your Retirement. Accessed Feb 5, 2025.
7. Virginia Department of Taxation. Payment Plans. Accessed Jan 3, 2025.
8. Virginia Department of Taxation. Offer in Compromise. Accessed Jan 3, 2025.
9. Virginia Department of Taxation. Military Tax Tips. Accessed Dec 21, 2023.