What Is Cost of Attendance?

Cost of attendance is the estimated cost of college in a given year. It’s the cost of tuition and fees, books and supplies, room and board, transportation and personal expenses and is an official number determined by each college. Sometimes, people refer to cost of attendance as COA.

You can find the cost of attendance on your school’s website. There may be multiple COAs listed that differ by housing situation. For example, the cost for a student living on campus will be different from a commuter student’s.

Cost of attendance represents the full price of a college before any aid — it’s the school’s “sticker price.” However, many students receive financial aid, grants or scholarships and pay less.

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How is cost of attendance used?

Colleges use cost of attendance to determine how much financial aid you’re eligible for. Schools calculate aid eligibility by subtracting your expected family contribution, or EFC, from the school’s cost of attendance. This figures the maximum amount of need-based aid you can receive.

The EFC is based on information you enter on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. It represents the federal government's estimation for how much your family can afford to pay for education, either out of pocket or through student loans.

For example, if your school’s COA is $20,000 and your EFC is $7,000, then your financial need is $13,000. Need-based aid can include scholarships, Pell Grants, work-study and subsidized federal student loans, where the government pays the interest while you are in school.

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The amount of aid you get may be less than your calculated financial need.

You can get an idea of what you can expect to actually pay by using a net price calculator that considers the official cost of attendance, your EFC and the aid available at that school. Every school that accepts federal aid has one. Use the net price to compare your costs at different schools; the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has a cost of attendance comparison tool to help with your research.

Does cost of attendance affect student loans?

Cost of attendance affects the amount of student loans you can borrow. You can't borrow more than the cost of attendance minus other aid, and your school tells lenders — government and private — how much loan money you’re eligible for.

Federal student loans also have limits not related to cost of attendance. For example, a dependent freshman student can only borrow up to $5,500 in federal student loans regardless of need or COA. If you need more money after you reach your federal student loan limit, you can fill the gap with other resources like family savings or merit-based scholarships or grants. You can meet any leftover amount beyond that with private student loans.

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