How to Navigate a Crypto Crash in 2023
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Crypto is a volatile asset, so it's a good idea to know how much you can afford to lose.
Some crypto crashes are because of systemic issues within crypto, such as the collapse of FTX.
Other times, macroeconomic factors such as interest rates and inflation can push values down.
If you're following the crypto markets this year, you're likely feeling a bit of whiplash. Bitcoin and Ethereum are leaving the S&P 500 in the dust, up around 70% and 50% year-to-date, respectively. But the road has been bumpy. When Silicon Valley Bank crashed on March 10, and crypto-friendly lender Signature Bank followed suit shortly after, crypto prices plunged. But by the end of March, both Bitcoin and Ethereum had notched new 2023 highs.
Here's a rundown of a few of the factors that have been driving uncertainty and volatility so far this year:
The potential for regulatory action against big names in crypto, like Binance and Coinbase.
The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank.
The March shutdown of Silvergate Bank, which had been a key financial player in they crypto space .
Regulatory pressures, including an allegation by New York regulators that Ethereum, the second-most valuable cryptocurrency, is an unregistered security .
The prospect of continued interest rate hikes, which could limit investors' appetite for risky assets.
All of this follows a calamitous 2022 in which digital asset values plummeted. The collapse of crypto exchange FTX in November of 2022 created a cascade of problems for other businesses in the space, and many of these issues continue to play out.
Given its track record, Bitcoin's volatility will likely continue, and investors should buckle up. But when there's a significant drop in crypto prices, as was seen in late 2022 and briefly in March 2023, how should investors handle it?
Though the factors driving each crypto crash are different, it can be helpful to remember a few established investing principles, like choosing how much of your overall portfolio should be invested in crypto and remembering why you invested in the first place.
» Learn more: How to buy cryptocurrency
What can cause a crypto crash?
Crypto prices can be dramatically affected by major events, such as exchanges or coins crashing. They can also sink with higher interest rates, rising inflation and other macroeconomic factors that can affect how confident people feel investing their money in risky alternative assets.
Regulatory factors and financial enforcement actions like those carried out by the SEC can also affect the market.
And when prices fall rapidly, as they did in 2022, that can compound the pressure on the market by forcing some investors to free up cash so they can meet other obligations.
In the case of the FTX crash, the impact to the market was enormous. The crash didn't just affect FTX, but also cryptocurrencies FTX heavily invested in (such as Solana) and firms FTX did business with.
The crypto exchange BlockFi, which received a line of credit from FTX.US and was set to be acquired by the company later in the year, froze withdrawals before filing for bankruptcy itself a few weeks after FTX did.
» Is Bitcoin a good investment? Learn about the pros and cons
Has crypto crashed before?
Yes, multiple times. For example, Bitcoin recorded a previous record high of nearly $20,000 in December 2017, but by December 2018 was trading below $3,500. It reached an all-time high of about $69,000 in November 2021 and in the year since dropped by more than 75%.
» Learn more: Will Bitcoin go back up?
I’m worried about keeping my crypto with an exchange. What should I do?
Consider moving your digital assets to a separate crypto wallet. Most exchanges allow you to transfer assets to these wallets, which can be online (on a separate platform) or offline (on a thumb drive with added security features).
What are the risks of buying crypto?
When crypto is crashing, someone who's been intrigued from the sideline might think this is the time to get in and "buy low." But while prices can recover — and have done so in the past — the recovery could take months or years.
Conditions might also get worse before they get better. Following a major crash, prices could also continue to go down for some time, especially if the event causes financial troubles for other exchanges or currencies.
Unlike traditional financial exchanges, crypto markets don't have circuit breakers, which automatically pause trading when prices dive too quickly. This means prices could plunge much faster than traditional investments.
Another distinction between crypto and securities such as stocks is that crypto trades around the clock. If you're worried about swings in value, you might find it hard to sleep.
There's also a chance any given cryptocurrency could go to zero, or close to zero, following a massive sell-off. Such was the case with Terra and Luna.
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How does crypto fit into your portfolio?
As a rule of thumb, don't invest more than you can afford to lose in risky assets like crypto. It's recommended not to invest more than 10% of your portfolio in such assets.
» Learn more: How to position your crypto portfolio in a down market
Disclosure: The author Andy Rosen owned BTC at the time of publication. NerdWallet is not recommending or advising readers to buy or sell BTC or any other cryptocurrency.
