How to Invest in International Stocks

With so many publicly-traded stocks in the U.S., why bother with international stocks? Because investing in international stocks can reduce your risk — and may even increase your gains. In 2025, tariff-related uncertainty has hammered U.S. stock markets, yet many international stocks and funds are thriving.

What’s the right balance? According to Morningstar, the optimal allocation of foreign stocks is between 15% and 40%, depending on your age and risk tolerance^[0]

When you’re just learning how to invest in stocks, going global may seem like a hassle. But it needn’t be. Here’s what you need to know about investing in international stocks.

How to invest in international stocks

The first step toward buying any stocks, international or domestic, is to open a brokerage account. Once you have a brokerage account, you can add money to it and then purchase stocks (or funds) from there.

» Check out the best brokerage accounts for stock trading

International stock ETFs

The easiest way to add international stocks to your portfolio is by investing in U.S.-registered mutual funds or exchange-traded funds that track foreign markets.

Why U.S.-registered? To avoid potential risks and costs associated with investing in foreign markets (more on that below). What’s more, because mutual funds and ETFs are baskets of securities, their inherent diversification benefits allow you to avoid picking and managing individual stocks yourself.

These types of index funds offer plenty of options for investing internationally — there are funds that are country-specific, regional or track different types of markets (developed markets, emerging markets or frontier markets). And they’re readily available through most brokerage accounts.

» Check out the best China ETFs

American Depositary Receipts (ADRs)

Some companies that are headquartered outside the U.S. still list their shares on major U.S. stock markets such as the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq, or they have a dual listing in both their home country and the U.S. Shares of these U.S.-listed foreign companies are known as ADRs.

ADRs are still foreign stocks. They represent shares of companies that are based in different countries, with different economies and laws than our own. That makes them potentially riskier than both U.S. stocks and international stock funds, which are at least diversified across many international companies.

But in order to get listed on the NYSE or Nasdaq, they must meet those exchanges' transparency requirements, which gives them a degree of safety and legitimacy compared to foreign stocks that are not listed on major U.S. exchanges.

Many ADRs represent large-cap, household-name companies such as Toyota Motor Corp. (TM) or AstraZeneca plc (AZN), and have high trading volumes that are comparable to those of blue-chip U.S. stocks.

Over-the-counter (OTC) foreign stocks

The third type of foreign stock investment that is available to U.S. investors are foreign OTC stocks — foreign stocks that are not officially listed on a major U.S. exchange, and trade informally via over-the-counter markets.

Individual OTC foreign stocks are the riskiest type of foreign stock investment, as they're not based in the U.S., not diversified, not subject to any transparency rules from exchanges, and oftentimes, not liquid. OTC foreign stocks may only have a few buyers and sellers each day, which can result in orders getting executed at suboptimal prices.

Once you feel comfortable dipping your toes into foreign waters, build up the international portion of your portfolio slowly — perhaps through dollar-cost averaging, a strategy of regularly buying an investment, irrespective of its price.

Finally, don’t feel pressured to stray too far from home. How global you decide to go is based on personal preference and your risk tolerance. But by starting small and scaling up over time, you're likely to find the sweet spot for your international stock allocation.

11 best-performing international stocks

If you're looking for individual stocks instead of funds, or just want to get a sense of what companies are out there, here are the top-performing foreign stock ADRs with a market cap of $200 billion or more.

7 best-performing international stock ETFs

And below is a list of the seven non-leveraged, ex-U.S. equity ETFs with the highest one-year returns.

International stocks add diversification

You know the idiom: Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. This advice is especially important when investing, because diversification — or owning a variety of stocks across different geographies, industries and sizes of companies — is a simple way to boost long-term investment returns while reducing risk.

Even though we live in an increasingly interdependent global economy, stock returns can and do vary widely around the world. Research shows that adding international stocks can help reduce volatility in your portfolio, protecting against risks specific to any particular region. Your returns may also benefit from the exposure to faster-growing segments of the global economy.

Understanding the risks of foreign stocks

Fear of the unknown is one reason many investors stick to home. And that attitude is not completely unjustified, as international stocks could add unforeseen risks to your portfolio — just what you’re trying to avoid through diversification. Here are four risks to be aware of:

Turmoil. Some countries — and their markets — may be liable to violent swings from politics, economic uncertainty, foreign currency rates, corruption or even war. It’s hard enough to stay on top of the news at home, let alone track these issues in distant regions.

Data. More limited access to financial information may be another risk of investing internationally. Other countries have different rules for the breadth, type and timeliness of data that publicly traded companies must report, which can vary significantly from the norm in the U.S.

Liquidity. The U.S. is home to the largest stock exchange in the world, which means there’s generally an ample market of buyers and sellers. That may not be the case elsewhere, with lower trading volumes or more limited trading hours — both of which could make it more difficult to buy or sell when you want.

Legal recourse. The Securities and Exchange Commission protects investors from fraudulent activity — but it focuses primarily on the U.S. market. When buying foreign investments, you may not have the same access to certain legal remedies as you would when buying a U.S.-based stock.

Managing the costs of international stocks

Generally speaking, you should expect higher associated costs when investing internationally. That shouldn’t dissuade you (remember all the benefits above?), but be sure to check with your broker about the following before placing a trade:

• Foreign taxes on dividends for investments held outside the U.S. (though you may be eligible for a tax credit when filing your U.S. income taxes).

• Transaction costs, including broker’s commissions or expense ratios (the fee to manage the fund).

• Currency conversions.