2023-2024 Tax Brackets and Federal Income Tax Rates

There are seven federal income tax brackets for 2023 and 2024. Your tax rate is determined by your income and tax filing status.
Tina Orem
Sabrina Parys
By Sabrina Parys  and  Tina Orem  
Updated
Reviewed by Lei Han  

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Nerdy takeaways

  • In 2023 and 2024, the U.S. federal income tax rates range from 10% to 37%.

  • The U.S. has a progressive tax system, where portions of a person's taxable income can fall into different brackets to be taxed at different rates.

  • Tax brackets are adjusted each year to account for inflation.

MORE LIKE THISTaxes

There are seven federal income tax rates in 2023 and 2024: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37%. Your taxable income and filing status determine which rates apply to you.

The U.S. federal tax rates will remain the same until 2025 as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, but the income thresholds that inform the tax brackets are generally adjusted each year to reflect the rate of inflation

Internal Revenue Service. Tax Reform Basics for Individuals and Families. Accessed May 22, 2023.
View all sources
.

These adjustments can help prevent taxpayers from ending up in a higher tax bracket as their cost of living rises, often called “bracket creep.” The tax bracket adjustments can also lower taxes for those whose compensation has not kept up with inflation.

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2023 tax brackets and federal income tax rates

(taxes due April 15, 2024, or Oct. 15, 2024, with an extension)

Federal income tax returns for 2023 are due by April 15, 2024, or October 15, 2024, with a tax extension. There are seven tax rates: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37%.

The income thresholds for the 2023 tax brackets were adjusted significantly — up about 7% — from 2022 due to record-high inflation. This means that some people might be in a lower tax bracket than they were previously.

Tax brackets 2023

Tax Rate

Single

Married filing jointly

Married filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $11,000.

$0 to $22,000.

$0 to $11,000.

$0 to $15,700.

12%

$11,001 to $44,725.

$22,001 to $89,450.

$11,001 to $44,725.

$15,701 to $59,850.

22%

$44,726 to $95,375.

$89,451 to $190,750.

$44,726 to $95,375.

$59,851 to $95,350.

24%

$95,376 to $182,100.

$190,751 to $364,200.

$95,376 to $182,100.

$95,351 to $182,100.

32%

$182,101 to $231,250.

$364,201 to $462,500.

$182,101 to $231,250.

$182,101 to $231,250.

35%

$231,251 to $578,125.

$462,501 to $693,750.

$231,251 to $346,875.

$231,251 to $578,100.

37%

$578,126 or more.

$693,751 or more.

$346,876 or more.

$578,101 or more.

Learn more about the 2023 tax rates and taxes owed for each status across taxable income brackets:

Tax Rate

Taxable income bracket

Tax owed

10%

$0 to $11,000.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$11,001 to $44,725.

$1,100 plus 12% of the amount over $11,000.

22%

$44,726 to $95,375.

$5,147 plus 22% of the amount over $44,725.

24%

$95,376 to $182,100.

$16,290 plus 24% of the amount over $95,375.

32%

$182,101 to $231,250.

$37,104 plus 32% of the amount over $182,100.

35%

$231,251 to $578,125.

$52,832 plus 35% of the amount over $231,250.

37%

$578,126 or more.

$174,238.25 plus 37% of the amount over $578,125.

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Taxes owed

10%

$0 to $22,000.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$22,001 to $89,450.

$2,200 plus 12% of the amount over $22,000.

22%

$89,451 to $190,750.

$10,294 plus 22% of the amount over $89,450.

24%

$190,751 to $364,200.

$32,580 plus 24% of the amount over $190,750.

32%

$364,201 to $462,500.

$74,208 plus 32% of the amount over $364,200.

35%

$462,501 to $693,750.

$105,664 plus 35% of the amount over $462,500.

37%

$693,751 or more.

$186,601.50 + 37% of the amount over $693,750.

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Taxes owed

10%

$0 to $11,000.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$11,001 to $44,725.

$1,100 plus 12% of the amount over $11,000.

22%

$44,726 to $95,375.

$5,147 plus 22% of the amount over $44,725.

24%

$95,376 to $182,100.

$16,290 plus 24% of the amount over $95,375.

32%

$182,101 to $231,250.

$37,104 plus 32% of the amount over $182,100.

35%

$231,251 to $346,875.

$52,832 plus 35% of the amount over $231,250.

37%

$346,876 or more.

$93,300.75 plus 37% of the amount over $346,875.

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Tax owed

10%

$0 to $15,700.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$15,701 to $59,850.

$1,570 plus 12% of the amount over $15,700.

22%

$59,851 to $95,350.

$6,868 plus 22% of the amount over $59,850.

24%

$95,351 to $182,100.

$14,678 plus 24% of the amount over $95,350.

32%

$182,101 to $231,250.

$35,498 plus 32% of the amount over $182,100.

35%

$231,251 to $578,100.

$51,226 plus 35% of the amount over $231,250.

37%

$578,101 or more.

$172,623.50 plus 37% of the amount over $578,100.

» Learn more: How to track the status of your refund

2024 tax brackets and federal income tax rates

(taxes due April 2025)

Curious about how your 2024 earnings will affect the tax return you'll submit in 2025? The newly updated 2024 tax brackets, which the IRS released on Nov. 9, 2023, can help you plan ahead.

Each bracket will see a roughly 5.4% shift upward from 2023, which means taxpayers whose salaries haven't kept up with inflation might be able to shelter more income from higher tax rates next year. The 2024 tax rates, which range from 10% to 37%, remain the same as in previous years.

The tax tables below show the brackets and rates that apply to income earned in 2024. Tax returns for the 2024 tax year will be due April 2025 or October 2025 with an extension.

» MORE: IRS announces 2024 tax brackets, updated standard deduction

Tax brackets 2024

Tax Rate

Single

Married filing jointly

Married filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $11,600.

$0 to $23,200.

$0 to $11,600.

$0 to $16,550.

12%

$11,601 to $47,150.

$23,201 to $94,300.

$11,601 to $47,150.

$16,551 to $63,100.

22%

$47,151 to $100,525.

$94,301 to $201,050.

$47,151 to $100,525.

$63,101 to $100,500.

24%

$100,526 to $191,950.

$201,051 to $383,900.

$100,526 to $191,950.

$100,501 to $191,950.

32%

$191,951 to $243,725.

$383,901 to $487,450.

$191,951 to $243,725.

$191,951 to $243,700.

35%

$243,726 to $609,350.

$487,451 to $731,200.

$243,726 to $365,600.

$243,701 to $609,350.

37%

$609,351 or more.

$731,201 or more.

$365,601 or more.

$609,350 or more.

Learn more about the 2024 tax rates and taxes owed for each status across taxable income brackets:

Tax Rate

Taxable income bracket

Tax owed

10%

$0 to $11,600.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$11,601 to $47,150.

$1,160 plus 12% of the amount over $11,600.

22%

$47,151 to $100,525.

$5,426 plus 22% of the amount over $47,150.

24%

$100,526 to $191,950.

$17,168.50 plus 24% of the amount over $100,525.

32%

$191,951 to $243,725.

$39,110.50 plus 32% of the amount over $191,950.

35%

$243,726 to $609,350.

$55,678.50 plus 35% of the amount over $243,725.

37%

$609,351 or more.

$183,647.25 plus 37% of the amount over $609,350.

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Taxes owed

10%

$0 to $23,200.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$23,201 to $94,300.

$2,320 plus 12% of the amount over $23,200.

22%

$94,301 to $201,050.

$10,852 plus 22% of the amount over $94,300.

24%

$201,051 to $383,900.

$34,337 plus 24% of the amount over $201,050.

32%

$383,901 to $487,450.

$78,221 plus 32% of the amount over $383,900.

35%

$487,451 to $731,200.

$111,357 plus 35% of the amount over $487,450.

37%

$731,201 or more.

$196,669.50 + 37% of the amount over $731,200.

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Taxes owed

10%

$0 to $11,600.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$11,601 to $47,150.

$1,160 plus 12% of the amount over $11,600.

22%

$47,151 to $100,525.

$5,426 plus 22% of the amount over $47,150.

24%

$100,526 to $191,950.

$17,168.50 plus 24% of the amount over $100,525.

32%

$191,951 to $243,725.

$39,110.50 plus 32% of the amount over $191,950.

35%

$243,726 to $365,600

$55,678.50 plus 35% of the amount over $243,725.

37%

$365,601 or more.

$98,334.75 plus 37% of the amount over $365,600.

Tax rate

Taxable income bracket

Tax owed

10%

$0 to $16,550.

10% of taxable income.

12%

$16,551 to $63,100.

$1,655 plus 12% of the amount over $16,500.

22%

$63,101 to $100,500.

$7,241 plus 22% of the amount over $63,100.

24%

$100,501 to $191,950.

$15,469 plus 24% of the amount over $100,500.

32%

$191,951 to $243,700.

$37,417 plus 32% of the amount over $191,950.

35%

$243,701 to $609,350.

$53,977 plus 35% of the amount over $243,700.

37%

$609,350 or more.

$181,954.50 plus 37% of the amount over $609,350.

How income tax brackets work

1. Federal income tax rates are progressive

The U.S. has a progressive tax system. Broadly, this means that the government decides how much tax you owe by dividing your taxable income into chunks — also known as tax brackets — and each chunk gets taxed at the corresponding tax rate. The highest tax rate, the marginal rate, applies to only a portion of your income.

The progressive tax system also means that people with higher taxable incomes are subject to higher federal income tax rates, and people with lower taxable incomes are subject to lower federal income tax rates. The beauty of tax brackets is that no matter which bracket you’re in, you won’t pay that tax rate on your entire income.

Example: If you had $50,000 of taxable income, you’d pay 10% on that first $11,000 and 12% on the chunk of income between $11,001 and $44,725. And then you’d pay 22% on the rest because some of your $50,000 of taxable income falls into the 22% tax bracket. The total bill would be about $6,300 — about 13% of your taxable income, even though you're in the 22% bracket. That 13% is your effective tax rate.

2. State income taxes may work differently than federal income taxes

States may handle taxes differently than the federal government. Your state might have different brackets, or it might altogether use a different system. Colorado, for example, levies a flat income tax rate of 4.4% on taxable income, and some states, such as Wyoming, don't levy a state income tax at all.

» MORE: Income tax rates and brackets by state

What is a marginal tax rate?

The marginal tax rate is the tax rate paid on your last dollar of taxable income. This typically equates to your highest tax bracket.

For example, if you're a single filer in 2023 with $35,000 of taxable income, you would be in the 12% tax bracket. If your taxable income went up by $1, you would pay 12% on that extra dollar, too.

If you had $45,000 of taxable income, however, most of it would still fall within the 12% bracket, but the last few hundred dollars would land in the 22% tax bracket. Your marginal tax rate would then be 22%.

What is an effective tax rate?

The percentage of your taxable income that you pay in taxes is called your effective tax rate. To determine your effective tax rate, divide your total tax owed (line 16) on Form 1040 by your total taxable income (line 15).

How to reduce taxes owed

Two common ways of reducing your tax bill are credits and deductions.

  • Tax credits can reduce your tax bill on a dollar-for-dollar basis; they don't affect what bracket you're in.

  • Tax deductions, on the other hand, reduce how much of your income is subject to taxes. Generally, deductions lower your taxable income by the percentage of your highest federal income tax bracket. So if you fall into the 22% tax bracket, a $1,000 deduction could save you $220.

In other words: Take all the tax deductions you can claim — they can reduce your taxable income and could kick you to a lower bracket, which means you pay a lower tax rate.

» Learn more: See the difference between tax credits and tax deductions

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Tax brackets and rates for 2012-2022

Curious how federal income tax brackets and rates have changed over the years? Take a look back.

Tax rate

Single

Married, filing jointly

Married, filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $10,275.

$0 to $20,550.

$0 to $10,275.

$0 to $14,650.

12%

$10,276 to $41,775.

$20,551 to $83,550.

$10,276 to $41,775.

$14,651 to $55,900.

22%

$41,776 to $89,075.

$83,551 to $178,150.

$41,776 to $89,075.

$55,901 to $89,050.

24%

$89,076 to $170,050.

$178,151 to $340,100.

$89,076 to $170,050.

$89,051 to $170,050.

32%

$170,051 to $215,950.

$340,101 to $431,900.

$170,051 to $215,950.

$170,051 to $215,950.

35%

$215,951 to $539,900.

$431,901 to $647,850.

$215,951 to $323,925.

$215,951 to $539,900.

37%

$539,901 or more.

$647,851 or more.

$323,926 or more.

$539,901 or more.

Tax rate

Single

Married, filing jointly

Married, filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $9,950

$0 to $19,900

$0 to $9,950

$0 to $14,200

12%

$9,951 to $40,525

$19,901 to $81,050

$9,951 to $40,525

$14,201 to $54,200

22%

$40,526 to $86,375

$81,051 to $172,750

$40,526 to $86,375

$54,201 to $86,350

24%

$86,376 to $164,925

$172,751 to $329,850

$86,376 to $164,925

$86,351 to $164,900

32%

$164,926 to $209,425

$329,851 to $418,850

$164,926 to $209,425

$164,901 to $209,400

35%

$209,426 to $523,600

$418,851 to $628,300

$209,426 to $314,150

$209,401 to $523,600

37%

$523,601 or more

$628,301 or more

$314,151 or more

$523,601 or more

Tax rate

Single

Married, filing jointly

Married, filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $9,875

$0 to $19,750

$0 to $9,875

$0 to $14,100

12%

$9,876 to $40,125

$19,751 to $80,250

$9,876 to $40,125

$14,101 to $53,700

22%

$40,126 to $85,525

$80,251 to $171,050

$40,126 to $85,525

$53,701 to $85,500

24%

$85,526 to $163,300

$171,051 to $326,600

$85,526 to $163,300

$85,501 to $163,300

32%

$163,301 to $207,350

$326,601 to $414,700

$163,301 to $207,350

$163,301 to $207,350

35%

$207,351 to $518,400

$414,701 to $622,050

$207,351 to $311,025

$207,351 to $518,400

37%

$518,401 or more

$622,051 or more

$311,026 or more

$518,401 or more

2019 Federal Income Tax Brackets

Tax rate

Single

Married, filing jointly

Married, filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $9,700

$0 to $19,400

$0 to $9,700

$0 to $13,850

12%

$9,701 to $39,475

$19,401 to $78,950

$9,701 to $39,475

$13,851 to $52,850

22%

$39,476 to $84,200

$78,951 to $168,400

$39,476 to $84,200

$52,851 to $84,200

24%

$84,201 to $160,725

$168,401 to $321,450

$84,201 to $160,725

$84,201 to $160,700

32%

$160,726 to $204,100

$321,451 to $408,200

$160,726 to $204,100

$160,701 to $204,100

35%

$204,101 to $510,300

$408,201 to $612,350

$204,101 to $306,175

$204,101 to $510,300

37%

$510,301 or more

$612,351 or more

$306,176 or more

$510,301 or more

2018 Federal Income Tax Brackets

Tax rate

Single

Married, filing jointly

Married, filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $9,525

$0 to $19,050

$0 to $9,525

$0 to $13,600

12%

$9,526 to $38,700

$19,051 to $77,400

$9,526 to $38,700

$13,601 to $51,800

22%

$38,701 to $82,500

$77,401 to $165,000

$38,701 to $82,500

$51,801 to $82,500

24%

$82,501 to $157,500

$165,001 to $315,000

$82,501 to $157,500

$82,501 to $157,500

32%

$157,501 to $200,000

$315,001 to $400,000

$157,501 to $200,000

$157,501 to $200,000

35%

$200,001 to $500,000

$400,001 to $600,000

$200,001 to $300,000

$200,001 to $500,000

37%

$500,001 or more

$600,001 or more

$300,001 or more

$500,001 or more

2017 Federal Income Tax Brackets

Tax rate

Single

Married, filing jointly

Married, filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $9,325

$0 to $18,650

$0 to $9,325

$0 to $13,350

15%

$9,326 to $37,950

$18,651 to $75,900

$9,326 to $37,950

$13,351 to $50,800

25%

$37,951 to $91,900

$75,901 to $153,100

$37,951 to $76,550

$50,801 to $131,200

28%

$91,901 to $191,650

$153,101 to $233,350

$76,551 to $116,675

$131,201 to $212,500

33%

$191,651 to $416,700

$233,351 to $416,700

$116,676 to $208,350

$212,501 to $416,700

35%

$416,701 to $418,400

$416,701 to $470,700

$208,351 to $235,350

$416,701 to $444,550

39.6%

$418,401 or more

$470,701 or more

$235,351 or more

$444,551 or more

2016 Federal Income Tax Brackets

Tax rate

Single

Married, filing jointly

Married, filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $9,275

$0 to $18,550

$0 to $9,275

$0 to $13,250

15%

$9,276 to $37,650

$18,550 to $75,300

$9,275 to $37,650

$13,250 to $50,400

25%

$37,650 to $91,150

$75,300 to $151,900

$37,650 to $75,950

$50,400 to $130,150

28%

$91,150 to $190,150

$151,900 to $231,450

$75,950 to $115,725

$130,150 to $210,800

33%

$190,150 to $413,350

$231,450 to $413,350

$115,725 to $206,675

$210,800 to $413,350

35%

$413,350 to $415,050

$413,350 to $466,950

$206,675 to $233,475

$413,350 to $441,000

39.6%

$415,050 or more

$466,950 or more

$233,475 or more

$441,000 or more

2015 Federal Income Tax Brackets

Tax rate

Single

Married, filing jointly

Married, filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $9,225

$0 to $18,450

$0 to $9,225

$0 to $13,150

15%

$9,226 to $37,450

$18,451 to $74,900

$9,226 to $37,450

$13,151 to $50,200

25%

$37,451 to $90,750

$74,901 to $151,200

$37,451 to $75,600

$50,201 to $129,600

28%

$90,751 to $189,300

$151,201 to $230,450

$75,601 to $115,225

$129,601 to $209,850

33%

$189,301 to $411,500

$230,451 to $411,500

$115,226 to $205,750

$209,851 to $411,500

35%

$411,501 to $413,200

$411,501 to $464,850

$205,751 to $232,425

$411,501 to $439,000

39.6%

$413,201 or more

$464,851 or more

$232,426 or more

$439,001 or more

2014 Federal Income Tax Brackets

Tax rate

Single

Married, filing jointly

Married, filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $9,075

$0 to $18,150

$0 to $9,075

$0 to $12,950

15%

$9,076 to $36,900

$18,151 to $73,800

$9,076 to $36,900

$12,951 to $49,400

25%

$36,901 to $89,350

$73,801 to $148,850

$36,901 to $74,425

$49,401 to $127,550

28%

$89,351 to $186,350

$148,851 to $226,850

$74,426 to $113,425

$127,551 to $206,600

33%

$186,351 to $405,100

$226,851 to $405,100

$113,426 to $202,550

$206,601 to $405,100

35%

$405,101 to $406,750

$405,101 to $457,600

$202,551 to $228,800

$405,101 to $432,200

39.6%

$406,751 or more

$457,601 or more

$228,801 or more

$432,201 or more

2013 Federal Income Tax Brackets

Tax rate

Single

Married, filing jointly

Married, filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $8,925

$0 to $17,850

$0 to $8,925

$0 to $12,750

15%

$8,926 to $36,250

$17,851 to $72,500

$8,926 to $36,250

$12,751 to $48,600

25%

$36,251 to $87,850

$72,501 to $146,400

$36,251 to $73,200

$48,601 to $125,450

28%

$87,851 to $183,250

$146,401 to $223,050

$73,201 to $111,525

$125,451 to $203,150

33%

$183,251 to $398,350

$223,051 to $398,350

$111,526 to $199,175

$203,151 to $398,350

35%

$398,351 to $400,000

$398,351 to $450,000

$199,176 to $225,000

$398,351 to $425,000

39.6%

$400,001 or more

$450,001 or more

$225,001 or more

$425,001 or more

2012 Federal Income Tax Brackets

Tax rate

Single

Married, filing jointly

Married, filing separately

Head of household

10%

$0 to $8,700

$0 to $17,400

$0 to $8,700

$0 to $12,400

15%

$8,701 to $35,350

$17,401 to $70,700

$8,701 to $35,350

$12,401 to $47,350

25%

$35,351 to $85,650

$70,701 to $142,700

$35,351 to $71,350

$47,351 to $122,300

28%

$85,651 to $178,650

$142,701 to $217,450

$71,351 to $108,725

$122,301 to $198,050

33%

$178,651 to $388,350

$217,451 to $388,350

$108,726 to $194,175

$198,051 to $388,350

35%

$388,351 or more

$388,351 or more

$194,1756 or more

$388,351 or more

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