IRS Announces 2025 Income Tax Brackets, Updated Standard Deduction

Each year, the IRS updates common tax provisions, such as income tax brackets and the standard deduction, to ensure the tax code is keeping pace with the rising cost of living.

These tweaks — formally known as inflation adjustments — help prevent “bracket creep,” where taxpayers who received a cost-of-living raise can pay more in taxes even though their purchasing power remains unchanged.

In recent years, high inflation has led to bigger annual adjustments — 7.1% in 2023 and 5.4% in 2024. However, as inflation cools, 2025’s adjustments are smaller, at 2.8%.

Even though next year’s changes are modest, they could still mean lower tax bills for some when they file in 2026. Here's a look at how certain tax thresholds and credits will shift for the 2025 tax year, plus a comparison to 2024.

Federal tax brackets and tax rates

In the U.S., there are seven marginal rates — 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37% — which will remain unchanged for 2025.

Contrary to a popular myth, it’s uncommon for people to pay a single flat federal tax rate on their taxable income. Instead, portions of a person’s income can be taxed at different rates depending on which tax brackets they fall into. For example, some of a person’s income could be taxed at 10%, another chunk at 12% and so on.

For 2025, the IRS is adjusting those tax brackets — the windows of income that dictate where a tax rate ends and begins — for each filing status. The adjustments mean that some people may be able to keep some of their income in lower tax brackets, and those who received a cost-of-living raise may avoid getting a portion of their income pushed into a higher bracket.

Married filers, for example, can make up to $96,950 to remain with a top tax rate of 12%, compared with $94,300 in 2024. This increase could allow some couples to shelter an additional $2,650 from a higher tax rate in 2025.

Click below to see how the brackets will shift for each filing status.

» MORE: See the full 2025 tax brackets for each filing status

Standard deduction

The IRS lets most filers lower their taxable income by taking the standard deduction or itemizing their returns.

The standard deduction, a flat amount based on filing status and age, is popular, as it requires less work to claim and is often more beneficial for those who might not have deductible expenses.

For 2025, the standard deduction will be $15,000 for single filers and those married filing separately, a $500 increase from 2024. Joint filers will be eligible to take $30,000 and heads of household can take $22,500, a $800 and $600 increase over 2024, respectively.

» Need help deciding whether to itemize or take the standard deduction? Learn about the differences.

What else will change for taxes in 2025?

Also included in the IRS' 27-page inflation release are various changes to several tax provisions beyond the federal tax brackets.

HSAs and FSAs

Starting in 2025, taxpayers who contribute to a health flexible spending account (FSA) can contribute up to $3,300 and, if their plan permits, carry over up to $660 into the next tax year.

For those with health savings accounts, the 2025 limit for contributions will rise to $4,300 for self coverage and $8,550 for family coverage.

Gift tax exclusion

The annual exclusion for gifts, which limits how much taxpayers can give an individual without filing a gift tax return on certain gifts, will increase to $19,000 per person in 2025, up $1,000 from 2024.

Estate tax exclusion

The lifetime estate tax exclusion establishes a threshold for the taxation of estates upon a wealthy person's death. In 2025, estates valued at or below $13.9 million will not be subject to estate tax, up from $13.6 million in 2024.

Earned Income tax credit