How to Get Income-Driven Repayment Plan Forgiveness

Income-driven repayment, or IDR, plans cap your monthly student loan payments at a portion of your discretionary income. IDR plans may also extend your repayment term from 10 years to 20 or 25 years, depending on the size and type of your student debt. At the end of the repayment term, your remaining balance is automatically forgiven.

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To benefit from this forgiveness, you first must enroll in one of the four IDR plans available to borrowers. The process takes about 10 minutes, according to the Federal Student Aid office. You can apply online at StudentAid.gov/IDR, or contact your student loan servicer for personalized guidance.

After enrolling in an IDR plan, you must recertify your income annually or whenever it changes, unless you gave consent during the application process for your tax information to be accessed. If so, your recertification will automatically renew. You will receive notice before a new payment amount goes into effect.

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Most federal direct loan borrowers are eligible for Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE), which is generally the most affordable IDR plan. One key exception: Parent PLUS borrowers, who may only enroll in the Income-Contingent Repayment plan.

How much debt is forgiven with an income-driven repayment plan?

There’s no cap on the amount of student debt that an IDR plan can forgive.

The amount of student debt you have at the time of forgiveness depends on how much you’ve already repaid over the life of your loan. If your income increases over time, and/or you have a small amount of debt, you could repay your loans entirely before the IDR term expires. In this case, none of your debt would be forgiven.

Use the Education Department's loan simulator to estimate your student loan payments and potential forgiveness under different repayment options, including IDR plans.

» MORE: How student loan income-based repayment is calculated

The federal government will not treat debt forgiven by an IDR plan as taxable income through 2025. However, a few states still tax student loan forgiveness.

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How many borrowers have received income-driven repayment forgiveness?

The government has forgiven roughly $45.6 billion in student loans for 930,500 borrowers through improvements to income-driven repayment plans, as of March 2024.

In 2021, only 32 borrowers had ever received IDR loan forgiveness, according to an analysis of federal data by the Student Borrower Protection Center and the National Consumer Law Center.

» MORE: How to submit an income-driven repayment application

The Department of Education is implementing income-driven repayment fixes

Millions of borrowers are expected to benefit from a one-time IDR account adjustment that counts past payments toward the 240 or 300 needed for income-driven repayment forgiveness.

The Education Department said it will notify waves of IDR account adjustment loan forgiveness recipients about every two months, until the temporary program wraps up in July 2024.

Starting in July 2024, the Federal Student Aid office also plans to allow more loan statuses, such as deferments and forbearances, to count toward income-driven repayment forgiveness.

Months spent in the pandemic student loan payment pause also count toward IDR forgiveness, even if borrowers made no payments.

Borrower enrollment by IDR plan