First-Time Home Buyer Metro Affordability Report — Q3 2021

Price growth slowed a skosh and inventory ticked up slightly across the nation’s biggest metros in the third quarter. And while many potential first-time buyers have found their savings bolstered during the pandemic, those who haven’t squirreled away a surplus will find these modest improvements underwhelming.

National averages provide a good big-picture look at what’s happening in the housing market, and in the third quarter, that story is a slight improvement over the last: Prices were down a smidgen (1%) and inventory up 22% nationwide, quarter over quarter. But homes were listed at 5.3 times the median first-time home buyer income, when three times your income is a long-standing affordability rule of thumb.

To be sure, some first-time buyers are making a successful go of it, in spite of the strong seller’s market we’ve been in for more than a year. These inaugural buyers made up 34% of all buyers from July 2020 to June 2021, compared with 31% in the year prior, according to the National Association of Realtors’ 40th annual buyer survey.

Some buyers have likely found higher personal savings rates, increased work location flexibility and super-low interest rates over the pandemic fodder for staking a claim in this seller’s market. But for those potential first-timers who haven’t reaped similar benefits, the third quarter represented yet another where prices were too high and affordable homes scant.

Affordability across the nation’s biggest metros

Across the nation’s largest metro areas, affordability remained stable in the third quarter; homes were listed at 5.5 median first-time buyer income for the second quarter in a row. This is notably higher than one year ago, when homes were listed at 4.8 times first-time buyer income. Over the past year, prices have risen considerably, though that rate of growth has begun to level off.

Click here for a table containing affordability data for all 50 metros analyzed.

The most affordable metro areas in the third quarter, as usual, are in the Midwest and Rust Belt regions. They include Pittsburgh, where homes are listed at 3.1 times first-time buyer income, Cleveland (3.3), St. Louis (3.4), Buffalo (3.6) and Baltimore and Minneapolis (3.9).

The least affordable metro areas for first-time buyers are, once again, all in California. They include Los Angeles (12.1), San Diego (9.2), San Jose (8.3), Sacramento (7.6) and Riverside (7.4).

First-time buyer guidance: Some mortgages can make homeownership dreams more attainable for first-time buyers who may have less set aside for down payments and shakier credit histories. But they aren’t a sure thing. A recent analysis shows denials among FHA applicants — federally backed loans popular among first-time buyers — were up in 2020, as lenders tightened standards to control the flow of funds amid high demand. FHA applicants can reduce their debt-to-income ratio and improve their credit with on-time payments to better their chances for approval. Also, they can explore other first-time home buyer programs — FHA loans aren’t the only option.

Prices dip ever so slightly

Across the largest metro areas, prices dipped a hair (1%) from the second quarter to the third, on average. This tiny decrease is one sign that breakneck price growth is slowing, though many potential buyers won’t have felt the shift. Some metros, however, saw price drops that were likely noticeable.

Prices fell double digits from the last quarter in three metros analyzed: Pittsburgh (down 12%), Cincinnati (dropped 10%) and Milwaukee (down 10%), and when compared with last year, the decreases were even more significant. Prices fell double digits, year over year, in 10 metros, including a 21% drop in Milwaukee.

It’s important to note that prices have been incredibly high for over a year now, so even these double-digit drops are making up for only a small portion of the extreme increases.

Click here to see a table showing year-over-year price changes for all 50 metros analyzed.

Not all areas experienced the same relief. Warmer-climate markets, such as Las Vegas; Tampa, Florida; and Austin, Texas; all experienced price increases, when compared with last quarter and last year at the same time. As a matter of fact, home prices increased another 29% year over year in Austin, one of most sizzling markets in the country.

First-time home buyer guidance: Knowing what’s happening in your local market — not the national headlines — is crucial to setting expectations as you begin to shop for a home. While prices have been up and supply down across the nation, on average, your city or neighborhood may be one of many exceptions. Or, at minimum, one where these constricting extremes aren’t as severe. Talk with local real estate agents about what they’re seeing in the areas you’re eyeing. Ask specifically about homes for sale in your price range — how long they’re staying on the market and how many offers they’re getting, on average.

Inventory up, in many markets

The high list prices are no doubt luring home sellers into the market, and we saw the number of active listings climb 31% compared with last quarter. This is particularly notable as we typically see home listings begin to wane in the third quarter, as home-buying season subsides and cooler weather moves in. However, for the second year in a row, the homebuying season was anything but typical.