What Credit Score Do You Need to Buy a House?

Most mortgages require a score of 620 or higher, but you still have options if you fall short.

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Updated · 3 min read
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Written by Abby Badach Doyle
Lead Writer & Content Strategist
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Reviewed by Michelle Blackford
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Editor & Content Strategist

A mortgage is usually the biggest loan you'll ever get. That’s why lenders want to see a certain credit score first. A good score tells them you’re likely to pay on time.

Your credit score isn’t the only thing lenders look at — so don’t worry if it isn’t perfect. Different lenders and loan types have different credit score rules. With a higher score, you can get better loan choices and lower interest rates.

No matter where your credit stands, here’s what to know when you’re ready to apply.

Mortgage loans from our partners

NBKC - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on NBKC

NBKC

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
NBKC - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on NBKC

New American Funding - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on New American Funding

New American Funding

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
New American Funding - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
500

Min. down payment 
3.5%

Check Rate

on New American Funding

GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

GO Mortgage

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

Mortgage loans from our partners

NBKC - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on NBKC

NBKC

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
NBKC - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on NBKC

New American Funding - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on New American Funding

New American Funding

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
New American Funding - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
500

Min. down payment 
3.5%

Check Rate

on New American Funding

GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

GO Mortgage

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

Rocket Mortgage - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on Rocket Mortgage

Rocket Mortgage

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Rocket Mortgage - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
580

Min. down payment 
3.5%

Check Rate

on Rocket Mortgage

Veterans United - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on Veterans United

Veterans United

5.0

NerdWallet rating 
Veterans United - PURCHASE logo

5.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
0%

Check Rate

on Veterans United

What’s a good credit score to buy a house?

To buy a house, most mortgages (including the popular conventional loan) need a credit score of at least 620. A higher score puts you in better shape, though. With a score of 740 or higher, you can qualify for the most options and get the lowest interest rates.

If your score is below 620, you still have options. FHA loans, backed by the Federal Housing Administration, accept credit scores as low as 500 if you can afford a 10% down payment. In general: With poor or fair credit, you’ll have fewer options and will pay higher interest rates.

How do mortgage lenders determine your credit score?

Credit scores are measured by two major companies, FICO and VantageScore. Each one has slightly different ranges, but the overall scale spans from 300 (lowest) to 850 (highest). Both companies issue scores using consumer data from the three major credit reporting bureaus: TransUnion, Equifax and Experian.

FICO and VantageScore use slightly different formulas to calculate your credit score, but they both look at:

  • Your history of paying bills on time.

  • Used vs. available credit.

  • Current unpaid debt.

  • The number and type of open accounts (like loans or credit cards).

  • Length of credit history.

  • How often you’ve opened new credit accounts.

  • History of collections, foreclosures, or bankruptcy.

Credit score companies like FICO and VantageScore update their formulas every few years — for example, to weight certain factors heavier than others.

🤓Nerdy Tip

Right now, federal changes are underway to push mortgage lenders to use newer, more inclusive FICO and VantageScore models. For buyers, this might mean a better chance of qualifying or getting a lower interest rate.

Mortgage FICO score

Most lenders use your FICO score when you apply for a mortgage. Here are those ranges:

FICO score ranges span 300 to 850.

Mortgage VantageScore

VantageScore is a newer model that’s up-and-coming in the mortgage space. You can get a free VantageScore from NerdWallet. Here are its ranges:

Vantage score credit score ranges span 300 to 850.

Credit score ranges for mortgages

Since FICO and VantageScore each have slightly different ranges, here are some general groupings:

  • Excellent credit: High 700s or greater.

  • Good credit: Mid-600s to mid-700s.

  • Fair credit: Mid-500s to low 600s. 

  • Poor credit: Between 300 to high 500s.

🤓Nerdy Tip

Struggling with credit? You might have more options than you think. See NerdWallet’s top lenders that offer home loans for bad credit.

Mortgage credit scores by loan type

Different mortgages have different credit score requirements, and lenders can set their own (often higher) minimums. Here’s a quick look at the typical minimums by loan type.

Mortgage type

Minimum credit score

Conventional loan

620

FHA loan

500 (with 10% down payment) 580 (with 3.5% down payment)

USDA loan

640 (for fastest approval)

VA loan

620

Jumbo loan

700

Conventional loan: 620

You might qualify for a conventional loan with a 620 credit score, but higher scores often get better rates and lower private mortgage insurance (PMI) costs. PMI is required if your down payment is under 20%.

FHA loan: 500

If you have a credit score in the 500s, your best chance for a home loan will be one insured by the Federal Housing Administration. With a score of 500-579, you can qualify with a 10% down payment. With a score of 580 or above, only 3.5% down is required.

VA loan: 620

Mortgages backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs, better known as VA loans, serve current and veteran military members and their spouses. VA loans don't have a government-set minimum credit score, but the lenders that offer them set their own minimums. The typical minimum is 620, but some lenders accept scores in the 500s.

USDA loan: 640

Home loans from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, known as USDA loans, don't have a set minimum credit score, so lenders can require their own minimums. Scores of 640 and higher get faster processing, while lower scores require a full credit review.

Jumbo loan: 700

To get a mortgage that's larger than the conforming loan limit — better known as a jumbo loan — most lenders will want to see a credit score around 700 or higher. Lending that much money is inherently risky, so lenders look for potential buyers to have solid financials, including a strong credit score.

🤓Nerdy Tip

If your credit score is on the low side, it might help to build it before buying. For free or low-cost advice, find a housing counselor through the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). They can help you make a personalized plan.

Mortgage loans from our partners

NBKC - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on NBKC

NBKC

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
NBKC - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on NBKC

New American Funding - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on New American Funding

New American Funding

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
New American Funding - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
500

Min. down payment 
3.5%

Check Rate

on New American Funding

GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

GO Mortgage

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

Mortgage loans from our partners

NBKC - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on NBKC

NBKC

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
NBKC - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on NBKC

New American Funding - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on New American Funding

New American Funding

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
New American Funding - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
500

Min. down payment 
3.5%

Check Rate

on New American Funding

GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

GO Mortgage

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

Rocket Mortgage - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on Rocket Mortgage

Rocket Mortgage

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Rocket Mortgage - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
580

Min. down payment 
3.5%

Check Rate

on Rocket Mortgage

Veterans United - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on Veterans United

Veterans United

5.0

NerdWallet rating 
Veterans United - PURCHASE logo

5.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
0%

Check Rate

on Veterans United

Preparing your credit to buy a house

It’s smart to review your credit and know where you stand before starting the homebuying process. Start by pulling your scores and getting your free credit report. Review your credit report for any incorrect information (like accounts that aren’t yours) that might be bringing down your score.

Improving your credit takes time. There’s no instant fix, but if your score needs work, try these moves to improve your credit fast:

  • Make on-time payments on credit cards, loans and other bills.

  • Reduce or pay off balances.

  • Ask for a higher credit limit.

  • Avoid any hard inquiries or opening new accounts.

  • Address any accounts sent to collections.

Remember, credit isn’t the only thing lenders look at when determining your financial readiness. They’ll also review:

  • The size of your down payment.

  • How much you have in savings.

  • A history of steady income and employment.

  • Your debt-to-income ratio.

If you’re getting your finances in order early, you’re already on the right track to becoming a homeowner.

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