What to Know About Buying an Investment Property

An investment property can bring in income if you rent or resell it, but the buying process can be complicated.

Some or all of the mortgage lenders featured on our site are advertising partners of NerdWallet, but this does not influence our evaluations, lender star ratings or the order in which lenders are listed on the page. Our opinions are our own. Here is a list of our partners.

Profile photo of Linda Bell
Written by 
Writer
Profile photo of Chris Jennings
Edited by 
Contributing Editor
Profile photo of Robin Rothstein
Co-written by 
Contributing Writer

An investment property is real estate bought for the purpose of generating income. Yet, what at first seems like an easy money maker inevitably comes with challenges and costs. First off, buying an investment property involves more stringent financing requirements compared with mortgages on primary homes. Then, once you own the property, you’ll be responsible for ongoing homeownership expenses that can cut into your profits.

Video preview image

What is an investment property?

Buying an investment property allows you to generate income through the renting or resale of a property that isn't your primary residence.

Investment properties can be residential, such as single-family homes, townhouses or condominiums, or commercial properties, which are zoned for businesses such as hotels, restaurants and retail shops.

Investors in residential properties try to make money by collecting rent from tenants or by renovating the property and quickly reselling it for a profit, known as house flipping. The property can also be held long enough to increase in value over time, then sold.

Mortgage loans from our partners

NBKC - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on NBKC

NBKC

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
NBKC - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on NBKC

New American Funding - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on New American Funding

New American Funding

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
New American Funding - PURCHASE logo

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
N/A

Min. down payment 
0%

Check Rate

on New American Funding

GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

GO Mortgage

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

Mortgage loans from our partners

NBKC - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on NBKC

NBKC

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
NBKC - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on NBKC

New American Funding - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on New American Funding

New American Funding

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
New American Funding - PURCHASE logo

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
N/A

Min. down payment 
0%

Check Rate

on New American Funding

GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

GO Mortgage

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

Rocket Mortgage - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on Rocket Mortgage

Rocket Mortgage

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Rocket Mortgage - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
580

Min. down payment 
3.5%

Check Rate

on Rocket Mortgage

Veterans United - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on Veterans United

Veterans United

5.0

NerdWallet rating 
Veterans United - PURCHASE logo

5.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
0%

Check Rate

on Veterans United

Getting an investment property mortgage

There are differences between obtaining a mortgage for an investment property and for a primary residence. Here are some of the major ones.

Down payment minimum

While some mortgages for primary residences allow down payments as low as 3% for a single-family primary home, if you purchase a single-family investment property, the minimum down payment requirement is typically around 15%.

Minimum down payments for multifamily unit investment properties can be as high as 25%.

Credit score

Getting approved for financing could also be a challenge if your credit needs work.

A lender may require a credit score of 620 or above to qualify for an investment property mortgage, and interest rates are generally higher for these loans. The loans are riskier for lenders because borrowers are considered more likely to default on an investment property if they run into financial trouble than on their primary home.

Extra cash requirements

While it depends on the lender, you may be required to have extensive cash reserves when buying an investment property.

Expect your lender to require that you have at least three months of cash reserves or savings available after closing on your property — some lenders may require at least six months — to ensure you can cover operational and unexpected costs.

Government-backed loan restrictions

In most cases, government-backed loan programs offered by the Federal Housing Administration or the Department of Veterans Affairs aren't an option because those loans can be used for a primary residence only.

However, you may be eligible for these loans if you purchase a multifamily property and occupy one of the units as your primary residence. You could then rent out the remaining units.

Did you know...

Shop around at multiple lenders offering investment property loans to find the best rates and fees, just as you would when obtaining a mortgage for a home. Compare what each lender offers by reviewing the Loan Estimate.

Factors to weigh before buying an investment property

Before giving into the siren song of investment property income, know that you’ll likely need to shell out a sizable chunk of cash before you start seeing any profit. Also be prepared for potential headaches.

Choosing an area with a steady stream of renters is critical when buying an investment property. Owners also need to be aware of rental laws that vary by state, as well as the potential for having to deal with delinquent tenants.

Here are other aspects of owning an investment property to be aware of:

  • Maintenance: Maintenance is a significant cost to consider when buying an investment property. You can either hire someone to take care of the property, or you can handle things like rent collection, repairs and snow removal yourself. In general, you should expect to spend between 1% and 4% of the property’s value each year on maintenance, but that will vary depending on factors like how many units it has, when it was built and the condition of major systems like plumbing and electrical.

  • Property taxes and insurance: Like any property owner, you’ll need to pay taxes and homeowners insurance for as long as you own the investment property. 

  • Utilities: With utilities, you can either include some or all of them as part of the rent, charge them to the tenant each month or require the tenant to set up the utilities in their name and pay the providers directly.

Pros and cons of buying an investment property

Challenges aside, buying an investment property can be a lucrative move. Here’s how the pros and cons stack up:

PROS

  • The value of your property may rise enough for you to sell and make a profit.

  • You can benefit from tax deductions on your rental property, such as mortgage interest, property taxes and expenses like advertising, repairs and insurance.

  • You can gain consistent income from long-term rentals.

  • You can pay down your mortgage with rental income and build equity in the property.

CONS

  • You could lose money trying to flip or rent the property.

  • Mortgage requirements may include higher down payments and interest rates than you would see for a primary residence.

  • Real estate isn't a liquid asset. If you needed cash, selling the property could be time-consuming and complicated.

  • You have to hire a property manager or manage the property yourself.

Mortgage loans from our partners

NBKC - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on NBKC

NBKC

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
NBKC - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on NBKC

New American Funding - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on New American Funding

New American Funding

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
New American Funding - PURCHASE logo

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
N/A

Min. down payment 
0%

Check Rate

on New American Funding

GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

GO Mortgage

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

Mortgage loans from our partners

NBKC - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on NBKC

NBKC

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
NBKC - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on NBKC

New American Funding - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on New American Funding

New American Funding

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
New American Funding - PURCHASE logo

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
N/A

Min. down payment 
0%

Check Rate

on New American Funding

GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

GO Mortgage

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
GO Mortgage - PURCHASE logo

4.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
3%

Check Rate

on GO Mortgage

Rocket Mortgage - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on Rocket Mortgage

Rocket Mortgage

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Rocket Mortgage - PURCHASE logo

4.5

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
580

Min. down payment 
3.5%

Check Rate

on Rocket Mortgage

Veterans United - PURCHASE logo
Check Rate

on Veterans United

Veterans United

5.0

NerdWallet rating 
Veterans United - PURCHASE logo

5.0

NerdWallet rating 
Min. credit score 
620

Min. down payment 
0%

Check Rate

on Veterans United

What makes a good investment property?

Determining what makes a good investment property depends on some rules of thumb, but also individual goals.

For instance, consistent monthly profit and cash flow is likely a top priority for many who buy an investment property.

When evaluating the profit potential of an investment property, you should consider a number of factors, starting with how much the property could reasonably rent for. One formula, called the 2% rule, indicates that the total monthly rent should equal at least 2% of the total purchase price plus needed repairs.

Look for a combination of things

Before buying an investment property, look for a combination of four things:

  • Affordability

  • Appreciation

  • Local job growth

  • Population growth

Property values are more likely to increase over time in areas with a solid and expanding infrastructure. Score a few investment properties in a growing market and you have a healthy cash flow from renting them out, you may be able to fund your retirement.

That said, even in a hot market, not all properties are created equal. One house could be in great shape, while the house next store could have problems, such as lack of a view, or worse, previous flood damage. So make sure to inspect every investment property from top to bottom to ensure you don’t get hit with hidden expenses.

Frequently asked questions

Investment properties can be residential, commercial or industrial. Residential investment properties include single-family homes, multifamily homes, condos and townhouses. Commercial real estate properties are office buildings, strip malls or restaurants. Industrial real estate properties consist of warehouses, manufacturing buildings and factories.

You will need a sizable down payment, good credit score and some cash reserves to buy an investment property. Your down payment requirement could be as much as 25% for a multifamily unit investment property, as mortgage lenders view those as riskier loans. Depending on the lender, you may also need a credit score of 620 or above to qualify for an investment property loan.

If you generate rental income from an investment property, you must report it on your tax return. Rental property owners can benefit from tax deductions including mortgage interest, depreciation, property taxes and repairs. Other expenses like transportation costs associated with maintaining your property, utilities and advertising may also be deductible.

If you aren’t ready to commit to purchasing a property, one option to get some skin in the real estate game is investing in a real estate investment trust (REIT). REITs are companies that own — and often operate — income-generating real estate, raising money from investors to manage portfolios containing assets like apartment buildings, data centers and offices. REITs are publicly traded on stock exchanges, which means you can purchase shares of a REIT and participate in the gains (and losses).

Looking to buy a home? NerdWallet partners with highly-rated mortgage lenders to find you the best possible rates
Answer a few questions to match with your personalized offer
Won’t affect your credit score