First-Time Home Buyer Benefits: How to Qualify
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Qualifying as a first-time home buyer doesn't mean you've never owned a house. Meeting first-time home buyer qualifications unlocks many benefits, including low- or no-down-payment loans, down payment assistance, grants and more.
And those perks can be worth a lot of money.
Do I qualify as a first-time home buyer?
You are typically considered eligible to apply for first-time home buyer loans and benefits if you haven't owned your principal residence within the past three years.
Some first-time home buyer assistance programs are even more lenient, offering financial aid in specific areas targeted for redevelopment, even to repeat buyers.
» MORE: How much house can you afford?
First-time home buyer benefits
Benefits can include low- or no-down-payment loans. They can also include grants or forgivable loans for down payment assistance and closing costs. Those are the fees you pay for the services needed to finalize your loan, often totaling 2% to 5% of the loan amount. You may also be eligible for federal tax credits.
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Is there an income limit to qualify as a first-time home buyer?
Income limits come into play when you are applying for local, state or federal government assistance. Some national mortgage programs, such as loans issued or backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, also have household income limits.
Some low-down-payment conventional loans do, too.
In these cases, your income may be benchmarked to local county limits for low- and moderate-income households.
Lenders, even those working with loan programs authorized by a state housing agency, will likely consider your debt-to-income ratio when determining if you qualify.
» MORE: Calculate your DTI
How to qualify for a first-time home buyer grant
Grants or forgivable loans that typically don't require repayment are available to low- and moderate-income borrowers through state first-time home buyer programs. Approval standards vary by program and location but often include household income and home sale price limits.
How to qualify for down payment assistance
Local and state housing authorities often offer down payment and closing cost assistance, either as a grant or as a loan. Some private programs offer them as well. Again, qualifications vary. Look for income and home sale price caps here, too.
Don't be surprised if a first-time home buyer class is required to qualify for a grant or down payment assistance. These classes are designed to help you navigate the homebuying process, and can be a good idea to take whether they're mandatory or not.
How to find first-time home buyer loans
Most, if not all, major mortgage lenders offer first-time home buyer loan programs. However, if you're looking to snag a loan tied to assistance provided by a local or state housing agency, you'll need to use an agency-authorized lender.
Look for an approved lenders list on the housing agency's website.
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What are the requirements to qualify for a first-time home buyer loan?
Qualifications required for approval of a loan vary by the type of mortgage — and even by the lender — but here are some general guidelines:
Conventional loans: For a 3% down payment, you'll need at least a 620 FICO and a debt-to-income ratio below 50%. The higher your credit score or the lower your debt, the better your chances are for approval.
FHA loans: If you want a down payment as low as 3.5%, you'll need a FICO score of 580 or higher. With 10% down, your required credit score may go as low as 500.
VA loans: Down payments aren't generally required for a loan backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. And while VA-backed loans don't have a minimum FICO score as a part of their official requirements, many lenders look for a score of 580 to 620 or better.
USDA loans: Another no-down-payment option, USDA-backed loans are typically issued for rural or suburban properties. Income limits apply. A FICO score of 640 or better is generally required, though exceptions with documentation can allow a lower score.
Lenders can add additional conditions, called "overlays," to loan approval. These vary by lender, which is another good reason to compare your options.
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