What Happens if You Don’t Pay Student Loans?
When you don't pay student loans, you eventually default, which damages your credit, among other consequences.
If you need solutions for your student debt:
Find help: Options for legit student loan help resources and organizations to contact.
Pause payments: Find out the differences between student loan forbearance and deferment.
Get out of default: Learn the consequences of and remedies for defaulting on your student debt.
Declare bankruptcy: Explore how to discharge student debt in bankruptcy.
If you don't pay student loans, here's what happens:
Once it’s been 30 days since your first missed monthly payment, you’ll be hit with late fees (for federal student loans it’s 6% of the amount unpaid). You’ll get the first late notice on your credit report; that can knock as many as 100 points off your scores.
After 60 days, you’ll get a 60-days late notice on your credit report, plus a new 30-day late payment and its attendant late fees.
And so on, every 30 days. The impact on your credit grows the later you are: 90 days is worse than 60.
After three missed monthly payments (120 days), your private student loans will default.
After 270 days (nine months), your federal student debt will default.
Why you want to avoid student loan default
Default means you are in breach of the contract you signed and collection efforts can begin.
Default on federal student loans has a host of negative consequences including wage garnishment, withheld tax refunds, garnishment of Social Security payments, additional late fees, ever-growing unpaid interest and collection costs.
A private lender must first sue you and win a court judgment before it can garnish your wages. Private lenders cannot seize tax refunds or Social Security checks.
Default can also damage your credit history with a negative mark that sticks to your record for seven years from when it was first reported.
What to do if you’re having payment trouble
Do everything you can to avoid missing payments. If you have federal student loans, contact your servicer to lower or pause payments. This could include:
Enrolling in an income-driven repayment plan, which sets payments at a portion of your income (it could even be zero if you’re unemployed).
Apply for an unemployment deferment.
Apply for a forbearance to pause loans.
If you have private student loans, your lender might offer options such as a temporary reduced payment or a short-term forbearance to pause loans.
